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The `_PyThreadState_Bind()` function is called before the first `PyEval_AcquireThread()` so it's not synchronized with the stop the world GC. We had a race where `gc_visit_heaps()` might visit a thread's heap while it's being initialized. Use a simple atomic int to avoid visiting heaps for threads that are not yet fully initialized (i.e., before `tstate_mimalloc_bind()` is called). The race was reproducible by running: `python Lib/test/test_importlib/partial/pool_in_threads.py`.
The Python C API ================ The C API is divided into these sections: 1. ``Include/``: Limited API 2. ``Include/cpython/``: CPython implementation details 3. ``Include/cpython/``, names with the ``PyUnstable_`` prefix: API that can change between minor releases 4. ``Include/internal/``, and any name with ``_`` prefix: The internal API Information on changing the C API is available `in the developer guide`_ .. _in the developer guide: https://devguide.python.org/c-api/