duplicati/Duplicati/Library/Main/Database/LocalDeleteDatabase.cs

// Copyright (C) 2024, The Duplicati Team
// https://duplicati.com, hello@duplicati.com
// 
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a 
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), 
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// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the 
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in 
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS 
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
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// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using Duplicati.Library.Interface;

namespace Duplicati.Library.Main.Database
{
    internal class LocalDeleteDatabase : LocalDatabase
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The tag used for logging
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly string LOGTAG = Logging.Log.LogTagFromType<LocalDeleteDatabase>();

        private System.Data.IDbCommand m_moveBlockToNewVolumeCommand;

        public LocalDeleteDatabase(string path, string operation)
            : base(path, operation, true)
        {
            InitializeCommands();
        }
        
        public LocalDeleteDatabase(LocalDatabase db)
            : base(db)
        {
            InitializeCommands();
        }
        
        private void InitializeCommands()
        {
            m_moveBlockToNewVolumeCommand = m_connection.CreateCommand();
            
            m_moveBlockToNewVolumeCommand.CommandText = @"UPDATE ""Block"" SET ""VolumeID"" = ? WHERE ""Hash"" = ? AND ""Size"" = ?";
            m_moveBlockToNewVolumeCommand.AddParameters(3);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Drops all entries related to operations listed in the table.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="toDelete">The fileset entries to delete</param>
        /// <param name="transaction">The transaction to execute the commands in</param>
        /// <returns>A list of filesets to delete</returns>
        public IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, long>> DropFilesetsFromTable(DateTime[] toDelete, System.Data.IDbTransaction transaction)
        {
            using(var cmd = m_connection.CreateCommand())
            {
                cmd.Transaction = transaction;

                var deleted = 0;

                //Process array in slices to prevent exceeding SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER (default 999)
                const int SLICE_SIZE = 128;
                for (int sliceStart = 0; sliceStart < toDelete.Length; sliceStart += SLICE_SIZE)
                {
                    int sliceEnd = Math.Min(toDelete.Length, sliceStart + SLICE_SIZE) - 1;
                    int sliceLen = sliceEnd - sliceStart + 1;

                    string q = string.Join(",", Enumerable.Repeat("?", sliceLen));

                    //First we remove unwanted entries
                    deleted += cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"DELETE FROM ""Fileset"" WHERE ""Timestamp"" IN (" + q + @") ", toDelete.Skip(sliceStart).Take(sliceLen).Select(Library.Utility.Utility.NormalizeDateTimeToEpochSeconds).Cast<object>().ToArray());
                }

                if (deleted != toDelete.Length)
                    throw new Exception(string.Format("Unexpected number of deleted filesets {0} vs {1}", deleted, toDelete.Length));
    
                //Then we delete anything that is no longer being referenced
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"DELETE FROM ""FilesetEntry"" WHERE ""FilesetID"" NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT ""ID"" FROM ""Fileset"")");
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"DELETE FROM ""ChangeJournalData"" WHERE ""FilesetID"" NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT ""ID"" FROM ""Fileset"")");
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"DELETE FROM ""FileLookup"" WHERE ""ID"" NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT ""FileID"" FROM ""FilesetEntry"") ");
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"DELETE FROM ""Metadataset"" WHERE ""ID"" NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT ""MetadataID"" FROM ""FileLookup"") ");
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"DELETE FROM ""Blockset"" WHERE ""ID"" NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT ""BlocksetID"" FROM ""FileLookup"" UNION SELECT DISTINCT ""BlocksetID"" FROM ""Metadataset"") ");
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"DELETE FROM ""BlocksetEntry"" WHERE ""BlocksetID"" NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT ""ID"" FROM ""Blockset"") ");
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"DELETE FROM ""BlocklistHash"" WHERE ""BlocksetID"" NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT ""ID"" FROM ""Blockset"") ");
                
                //We save the block info for the remote files, before we delete it
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO ""DeletedBlock"" (""Hash"", ""Size"", ""VolumeID"") SELECT ""Hash"", ""Size"", ""VolumeID"" FROM ""Block"" WHERE ""ID"" NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT ""BlockID"" AS ""BlockID"" FROM ""BlocksetEntry"" UNION SELECT DISTINCT ""ID"" FROM ""Block"", ""BlocklistHash"" WHERE ""Block"".""Hash"" = ""BlocklistHash"".""Hash"") ");
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"DELETE FROM ""Block"" WHERE ""ID"" NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT ""BlockID"" FROM ""BlocksetEntry"" UNION SELECT DISTINCT ""ID"" FROM ""Block"", ""BlocklistHash"" WHERE ""Block"".""Hash"" = ""BlocklistHash"".""Hash"") ");

                //Find all remote filesets that are no longer required, and mark them as delete
                var updated = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(@"UPDATE ""RemoteVolume"" SET ""State"" = ? WHERE ""Type"" = ? AND ""State"" IN (?, ?, ?) AND ""ID"" NOT IN (SELECT ""VolumeID"" FROM ""Fileset"") ", RemoteVolumeState.Deleting.ToString(), RemoteVolumeType.Files.ToString(), RemoteVolumeState.Uploaded.ToString(), RemoteVolumeState.Verified.ToString(), RemoteVolumeState.Temporary.ToString());

                if (deleted != updated)
                    throw new Exception(string.Format("Unexpected number of remote volumes marked as deleted. Found {0} filesets, but {1} volumes", deleted, updated));

                using (var rd = cmd.ExecuteReader(@"SELECT ""Name"", ""Size"" FROM ""RemoteVolume"" WHERE ""Type"" = ? AND ""State"" = ? ", RemoteVolumeType.Files.ToString(), RemoteVolumeState.Deleting.ToString()))
                {
                    while (rd.Read())
                    {
                        yield return new KeyValuePair<string, long>(rd.GetString(0), rd.ConvertValueToInt64(1));
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a collection of IListResultFilesets, where the Version is the backup version number
        /// exposed to the user.  This is in contrast to other cases where the Version is the ID in the
        /// Fileset table.
        /// </summary>
        internal IEnumerable<IListResultFileset> FilesetsWithBackupVersion
        {
            get
            {
                List<IListResultFileset> filesets = new List<IListResultFileset>();
                using (IDbCommand cmd = this.m_connection.CreateCommand())
                {
                    // We can also use the ROW_NUMBER() window function to generate the backup versions,
                    // but this requires at least SQLite 3.25, which is not available in some common
                    // distributions (e.g., Debian) currently.
                    using (IDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(@"SELECT ""IsFullBackup"", ""Timestamp"" FROM ""Fileset"" ORDER BY ""Timestamp"" DESC"))
                    {
                        int version = 0;
                        while (reader.Read())
                        {
                            filesets.Add(new ListResultFileset(version++, reader.GetInt32(0), ParseFromEpochSeconds(reader.GetInt64(1)).ToLocalTime(), -1L, -1L));
                        }
                    }
                }

                return filesets;
            }
        }

        private struct VolumeUsage
        {
            public readonly string Name;
            public readonly long DataSize;
            public readonly long WastedSize;
            public readonly long CompressedSize;
            
            public VolumeUsage(string name, long datasize, long wastedsize, long compressedsize)
            {
                this.Name = name;
                this.DataSize = datasize;
                this.WastedSize = wastedsize;
                this.CompressedSize = compressedsize;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the number of bytes stored in each volume,
        /// and the number of bytes no longer needed in each volume.
        /// The sizes are the uncompressed values.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>A list of tuples with name, datasize, wastedbytes.</returns>
        private IEnumerable<VolumeUsage> GetWastedSpaceReport(System.Data.IDbTransaction transaction)
        {
            var tmptablename = "UsageReport-" + Library.Utility.Utility.ByteArrayAsHexString(Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray());
            
            var usedBlocks = @"SELECT SUM(""Block"".""Size"") AS ""ActiveSize"", ""Block"".""VolumeID"" AS ""VolumeID"" FROM ""Block"", ""Remotevolume"" WHERE ""Block"".""VolumeID"" = ""Remotevolume"".""ID"" AND ""Block"".""ID"" NOT IN (SELECT ""Block"".""ID"" FROM ""Block"",""DeletedBlock"" WHERE ""Block"".""Hash"" = ""DeletedBlock"".""Hash"" AND ""Block"".""Size"" = ""DeletedBlock"".""Size"" AND ""Block"".""VolumeID"" = ""DeletedBlock"".""VolumeID"") GROUP BY ""Block"".""VolumeID"" ";
            var lastmodifiedFile = @"SELECT ""Block"".""VolumeID"" AS ""VolumeID"", ""Fileset"".""Timestamp"" AS ""Sorttime"" FROM ""Fileset"", ""FilesetEntry"", ""FileLookup"", ""BlocksetEntry"", ""Block"" WHERE ""FilesetEntry"".""FileID"" = ""FileLookup"".""ID"" AND ""FileLookup"".""BlocksetID"" = ""BlocksetEntry"".""BlocksetID"" AND ""BlocksetEntry"".""BlockID"" = ""Block"".""ID"" AND ""Fileset"".""ID"" = ""FilesetEntry"".""FilesetID"" ";
            var lastmodifiedMetadata = @"SELECT ""Block"".""VolumeID"" AS ""VolumeID"", ""Fileset"".""Timestamp"" AS ""Sorttime"" FROM ""Fileset"", ""FilesetEntry"", ""FileLookup"", ""BlocksetEntry"", ""Block"", ""Metadataset"" WHERE ""FilesetEntry"".""FileID"" = ""FileLookup"".""ID"" AND ""FileLookup"".""MetadataID"" = ""Metadataset"".""ID"" AND ""Metadataset"".""BlocksetID"" = ""BlocksetEntry"".""BlocksetID"" AND ""BlocksetEntry"".""BlockID"" = ""Block"".""ID"" AND ""Fileset"".""ID"" = ""FilesetEntry"".""FilesetID"" ";
            var scantime = @"SELECT ""VolumeID"" AS ""VolumeID"", MIN(""Sorttime"") AS ""Sorttime"" FROM (" + lastmodifiedFile + @" UNION " + lastmodifiedMetadata + @") GROUP BY ""VolumeID"" ";
            var active = @"SELECT ""A"".""ActiveSize"" AS ""ActiveSize"",  0 AS ""InactiveSize"", ""A"".""VolumeID"" AS ""VolumeID"", CASE WHEN ""B"".""Sorttime"" IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE ""B"".""Sorttime"" END AS ""Sorttime"" FROM (" + usedBlocks + @") A LEFT OUTER JOIN (" + scantime + @") B ON ""B"".""VolumeID"" = ""A"".""VolumeID"" ";
            
            var inactive = @"SELECT 0 AS ""ActiveSize"", SUM(""Size"") AS ""InactiveSize"", ""VolumeID"" AS ""VolumeID"", 0 AS ""SortScantime"" FROM ""DeletedBlock"" GROUP BY ""VolumeID"" ";
            var empty = @"SELECT 0 AS ""ActiveSize"", 0 AS ""InactiveSize"", ""Remotevolume"".""ID"" AS ""VolumeID"", 0 AS ""SortScantime"" FROM ""Remotevolume"" WHERE ""Remotevolume"".""Type"" = ? AND ""Remotevolume"".""State"" IN (?, ?) AND ""Remotevolume"".""ID"" NOT IN (SELECT ""VolumeID"" FROM ""Block"") ";
            
            var combined = active + " UNION " + inactive + " UNION " + empty;
            var collected = @"SELECT ""VolumeID"" AS ""VolumeID"", SUM(""ActiveSize"") AS ""ActiveSize"", SUM(""InactiveSize"") AS ""InactiveSize"", MAX(""Sorttime"") AS ""Sorttime"" FROM (" + combined + @") GROUP BY ""VolumeID"" ";
            var createtable = @"CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE """ + tmptablename + @""" AS " + collected;
                        
            using (var cmd = m_connection.CreateCommand())
            {
                cmd.Transaction = transaction;
                try
                {
                    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(createtable, RemoteVolumeType.Blocks.ToString(), RemoteVolumeState.Uploaded.ToString(), RemoteVolumeState.Verified.ToString());
                    using (var rd = cmd.ExecuteReader(string.Format(@"SELECT ""A"".""Name"", ""B"".""ActiveSize"", ""B"".""InactiveSize"", ""A"".""Size"" FROM ""Remotevolume"" A, ""{0}"" B WHERE ""A"".""ID"" = ""B"".""VolumeID"" ORDER BY ""B"".""Sorttime"" ASC ", tmptablename)))
                        while (rd.Read())
                            yield return new VolumeUsage(rd.GetValue(0).ToString(), rd.ConvertValueToInt64(1, 0) + rd.ConvertValueToInt64(2, 0), rd.ConvertValueToInt64(2, 0), rd.ConvertValueToInt64(3, 0));
                }
                finally 
                {
                    try { cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(string.Format(@"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ""{0}"" ", tmptablename)); }
                    catch { }
                }
            }
        }
        
        public interface ICompactReport
        {
            IEnumerable<string> DeleteableVolumes { get; }
            IEnumerable<string> CompactableVolumes { get; }
            bool ShouldReclaim { get; }
            bool ShouldCompact { get; }
            void ReportCompactData(); 
        }
        
        private class CompactReport : ICompactReport
        {
            private readonly IEnumerable<VolumeUsage> m_report;
            private readonly IEnumerable<VolumeUsage> m_cleandelete;
            private readonly IEnumerable<VolumeUsage> m_wastevolumes;
            private readonly IEnumerable<VolumeUsage> m_smallvolumes;

            private readonly long m_deletablevolumes;
            private readonly long m_wastedspace;
            private readonly long m_smallspace;
            private readonly long m_fullsize;
            private readonly long m_smallvolumecount;
            
            private readonly long m_wastethreshold;
            private readonly long m_volsize;
            private readonly long m_maxsmallfilecount;
            
            public CompactReport(long volsize, long wastethreshold, long smallfilesize, long maxsmallfilecount, IEnumerable<VolumeUsage> report)
            {
                m_report = report;
                
                m_cleandelete = (from n in m_report where n.DataSize <= n.WastedSize select n).ToArray();
                m_wastevolumes = from n in m_report where ((((n.WastedSize / (float)n.DataSize) * 100) >= wastethreshold) || (((n.WastedSize / (float)volsize) * 100) >= wastethreshold)) && !m_cleandelete.Contains(n) select n;
                m_smallvolumes = from n in m_report where n.CompressedSize <= smallfilesize && !m_cleandelete.Contains(n) select n;

                m_wastethreshold = wastethreshold;
                m_volsize = volsize;
                m_maxsmallfilecount = maxsmallfilecount;

                m_deletablevolumes = m_cleandelete.Count();
                m_fullsize = report.Select(x => x.DataSize).Sum();
                
                m_wastedspace = m_wastevolumes.Select(x => x.WastedSize).Sum();
                m_smallspace = m_smallvolumes.Select(x => x.CompressedSize).Sum();
                m_smallvolumecount = m_smallvolumes.Count();
            }
            
            public void ReportCompactData()
            {
                var wastepercentage = ((m_wastedspace / (float)m_fullsize) * 100);
                Logging.Log.WriteVerboseMessage(LOGTAG, "FullyDeletableCount", "Found {0} fully deletable volume(s)", m_deletablevolumes);
                Logging.Log.WriteVerboseMessage(LOGTAG, "SmallVolumeCount", "Found {0} small volumes(s) with a total size of {1}", m_smallvolumes.Count(), Library.Utility.Utility.FormatSizeString(m_smallspace));
                Logging.Log.WriteVerboseMessage(LOGTAG, "WastedSpaceVolumes", "Found {0} volume(s) with a total of {1:F2}% wasted space ({2} of {3})", m_wastevolumes.Count(), wastepercentage, Library.Utility.Utility.FormatSizeString(m_wastedspace), Library.Utility.Utility.FormatSizeString(m_fullsize));

                if (m_deletablevolumes > 0)
                    Logging.Log.WriteInformationMessage(LOGTAG, "CompactReason", "Compacting because there are {0} fully deletable volume(s)", m_deletablevolumes);
                else if (wastepercentage >= m_wastethreshold && m_wastevolumes.Count() >= 2)
                    Logging.Log.WriteInformationMessage(LOGTAG, "CompactReason", "Compacting because there is {0:F2}% wasted space and the limit is {1}%", wastepercentage, m_wastethreshold);
                else if (m_smallspace > m_volsize)
                    Logging.Log.WriteInformationMessage(LOGTAG, "CompactReason", "Compacting because there are {0} in small volumes and the volume size is {1}", Library.Utility.Utility.FormatSizeString(m_smallspace), Library.Utility.Utility.FormatSizeString(m_volsize));
                else if (m_smallvolumecount > m_maxsmallfilecount)
                    Logging.Log.WriteInformationMessage(LOGTAG, "CompactReason", "Compacting because there are {0} small volumes and the maximum is {1}", m_smallvolumecount, m_maxsmallfilecount);
                else
                    Logging.Log.WriteInformationMessage(LOGTAG, "CompactReason", "Compacting not required");
            }
            
            public bool ShouldReclaim
            {
                get 
                {
                    return m_deletablevolumes > 0;
                }
            }
            
            public bool ShouldCompact
            {
                get 
                {
                    return (((m_wastedspace / (float)m_fullsize) * 100) >= m_wastethreshold && m_wastevolumes.Count() >= 2) || m_smallspace > m_volsize || m_smallvolumecount > m_maxsmallfilecount;
                }
            }

            public IEnumerable<string> DeleteableVolumes 
            { 
                get { return from n in m_cleandelete select n.Name; } 
            }
            
            public IEnumerable<string> CompactableVolumes 
            { 
                get 
                { 
                    //The order matters, we compact old volumes together first,
                    // as we anticipate old data will stay around, where never data
                    // is more likely to be discarded again
                    return m_wastevolumes.Union(m_smallvolumes).Select(x => x.Name).Distinct();
                } 
            }
        }
        
        public ICompactReport GetCompactReport(long volsize, long wastethreshold, long smallfilesize, long maxsmallfilecount, System.Data.IDbTransaction transaction)
        {
            return new CompactReport(volsize, wastethreshold, smallfilesize, maxsmallfilecount, GetWastedSpaceReport(transaction).ToList());
        }
        
                
        public interface IBlockQuery : IDisposable
        {
            bool UseBlock(string hash, long size, System.Data.IDbTransaction transaction);
        }
        
        private class BlockQuery : IBlockQuery
        {
            private System.Data.IDbCommand m_command;

            public BlockQuery(System.Data.IDbConnection con, System.Data.IDbTransaction transaction)
            {
                m_command = con.CreateCommand();
                m_command.Transaction = transaction;

                m_command.Parameters.Clear();
                m_command.CommandText = @"SELECT ""VolumeID"" FROM ""Block"" WHERE ""Hash"" = ? AND ""Size"" = ? ";
                m_command.AddParameters(2);
            }
            
            public bool UseBlock(string hash, long size, System.Data.IDbTransaction transaction)
            {                
                m_command.Transaction = transaction;
                m_command.SetParameterValue(0, hash);    
                m_command.SetParameterValue(1, size);
                var r = m_command.ExecuteScalar();
                return r != null && r != DBNull.Value;
            }
            
            public void Dispose()
            {
                if (m_command != null)
                    try { m_command.Dispose(); }
                    finally { m_command = null; }
            }
        }
        
        /// <summary>
        /// Builds a lookup table to enable faster response to block queries
        /// </summary>
        public IBlockQuery CreateBlockQueryHelper(System.Data.IDbTransaction transaction)
        {
            return new BlockQuery(m_connection, transaction);
        }

        public void MoveBlockToNewVolume(string hash, long size, long volumeID, System.Data.IDbTransaction tr)
        {
            m_moveBlockToNewVolumeCommand.SetParameterValue(0, volumeID);
            m_moveBlockToNewVolumeCommand.SetParameterValue(1, hash);
            m_moveBlockToNewVolumeCommand.SetParameterValue(2, size);
            m_moveBlockToNewVolumeCommand.Transaction = tr;
            var c = m_moveBlockToNewVolumeCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
            if (c != 1)
                throw new Exception("Unexpected update result");
        }
        
        /// <summary>
        /// Calculates the sequence in which files should be deleted based on their relations.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The deletable volumes.</returns>
        /// <param name="deleteableVolumes">Block volumes slated for deletion.</param>
        public IEnumerable<IRemoteVolume> GetDeletableVolumes(IEnumerable<IRemoteVolume> deleteableVolumes, System.Data.IDbTransaction transaction)
        {
            using(var cmd = m_connection.CreateCommand())
            {
                // Although the generated index volumes are always in pairs,
                // this code handles many-to-many relations between
                // index files and block volumes, should this be added later
                var lookupBlock = new Dictionary<string, List<IRemoteVolume>>();
                var lookupIndexfiles = new Dictionary<string, List<string>>();
                
                cmd.Transaction = transaction;
                
                using(var rd = cmd.ExecuteReader(@"SELECT ""C"".""Name"", ""B"".""Name"", ""B"".""Hash"", ""B"".""Size"" FROM ""IndexBlockLink"" A, ""RemoteVolume"" B, ""RemoteVolume"" C WHERE ""A"".""IndexVolumeID"" = ""B"".""ID"" AND ""A"".""BlockVolumeID"" = ""C"".""ID"" AND ""B"".""Hash"" IS NOT NULL AND ""B"".""Size"" IS NOT NULL "))
                    while(rd.Read())
                    {
                        var name = rd.GetValue(0).ToString();
                        List<IRemoteVolume> indexfileList;
                        if (!lookupBlock.TryGetValue(name, out indexfileList))
                        {    
                            indexfileList = new List<IRemoteVolume>();
                            lookupBlock.Add(name, indexfileList);
                        }
                        
                        var v = new RemoteVolume(rd.GetString(1), rd.GetString(2), rd.GetInt64(3));
                        indexfileList.Add(v);

                        List<string> blockList;
                        if (!lookupIndexfiles.TryGetValue(v.Name, out blockList))
                        {    
                            blockList = new List<string>();
                            lookupIndexfiles.Add(v.Name, blockList);
                        }
                        blockList.Add(name);
                    }

                foreach(var r in deleteableVolumes.Distinct())
                {
                    // Return the input
                    yield return r;
                    List<IRemoteVolume> indexfileList;
                    if (lookupBlock.TryGetValue(r.Name, out indexfileList))
                        foreach(var sh in indexfileList)
                        {
                            List<string> backref;
                            if (lookupIndexfiles.TryGetValue(sh.Name, out backref))
                            {
                                //If this is the last reference, 
                                // remove the index file as well
                                if (backref.Remove(r.Name) && backref.Count == 0)
                                    yield return sh;
                            }
                        }
                }
            }
        }

    }
}