sqlalchemy/test/dialect/postgresql/test_reflection.py

# coding: utf-8

import itertools
from operator import itemgetter
import re

import sqlalchemy as sa
from sqlalchemy import Column
from sqlalchemy import exc
from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy import Index
from sqlalchemy import inspect
from sqlalchemy import Integer
from sqlalchemy import join
from sqlalchemy import MetaData
from sqlalchemy import PrimaryKeyConstraint
from sqlalchemy import Sequence
from sqlalchemy import String
from sqlalchemy import Table
from sqlalchemy import testing
from sqlalchemy import UniqueConstraint
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import ARRAY
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import base as postgresql
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import ExcludeConstraint
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import INTEGER
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import INTERVAL
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import TSRANGE
from sqlalchemy.engine import reflection
from sqlalchemy.sql.schema import CheckConstraint
from sqlalchemy.testing import fixtures
from sqlalchemy.testing import mock
from sqlalchemy.testing.assertions import assert_raises
from sqlalchemy.testing.assertions import AssertsExecutionResults
from sqlalchemy.testing.assertions import eq_


class ForeignTableReflectionTest(fixtures.TablesTest, AssertsExecutionResults):
    """Test reflection on foreign tables"""

    __requires__ = ("postgresql_test_dblink",)
    __only_on__ = "postgresql >= 9.3"
    __backend__ = True

    @classmethod
    def define_tables(cls, metadata):
        from sqlalchemy.testing import config

        dblink = config.file_config.get(
            "sqla_testing", "postgres_test_db_link"
        )

        testtable = Table(
            "testtable",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("data", String(30)),
        )

        for ddl in [
            "CREATE SERVER test_server FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw "
            "OPTIONS (dbname 'test', host '%s')" % dblink,
            "CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public \
            SERVER test_server options (user 'scott', password 'tiger')",
            "CREATE FOREIGN TABLE test_foreigntable ( "
            "   id          INT, "
            "   data        VARCHAR(30) "
            ") SERVER test_server OPTIONS (table_name 'testtable')",
        ]:
            sa.event.listen(metadata, "after_create", sa.DDL(ddl))

        for ddl in [
            "DROP FOREIGN TABLE test_foreigntable",
            "DROP USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER test_server",
            "DROP SERVER test_server",
        ]:
            sa.event.listen(metadata, "before_drop", sa.DDL(ddl))

    def test_foreign_table_is_reflected(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table("test_foreigntable", metadata, autoload=True)
        eq_(
            set(table.columns.keys()),
            set(["id", "data"]),
            "Columns of reflected foreign table didn't equal expected columns",
        )

    def test_get_foreign_table_names(self):
        inspector = inspect(testing.db)
        with testing.db.connect() as conn:
            ft_names = inspector.get_foreign_table_names()
            eq_(ft_names, ["test_foreigntable"])

    def test_get_table_names_no_foreign(self):
        inspector = inspect(testing.db)
        with testing.db.connect() as conn:
            names = inspector.get_table_names()
            eq_(names, ["testtable"])


class MaterializedViewReflectionTest(
    fixtures.TablesTest, AssertsExecutionResults
):
    """Test reflection on materialized views"""

    __only_on__ = "postgresql >= 9.3"
    __backend__ = True

    @classmethod
    def define_tables(cls, metadata):
        testtable = Table(
            "testtable",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("data", String(30)),
        )

        # insert data before we create the view
        @sa.event.listens_for(testtable, "after_create")
        def insert_data(target, connection, **kw):
            connection.execute(target.insert(), {"id": 89, "data": "d1"})

        materialized_view = sa.DDL(
            "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW test_mview AS " "SELECT * FROM testtable"
        )

        plain_view = sa.DDL(
            "CREATE VIEW test_regview AS " "SELECT * FROM testtable"
        )

        sa.event.listen(testtable, "after_create", plain_view)
        sa.event.listen(testtable, "after_create", materialized_view)
        sa.event.listen(
            testtable,
            "before_drop",
            sa.DDL("DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW test_mview"),
        )
        sa.event.listen(
            testtable, "before_drop", sa.DDL("DROP VIEW test_regview")
        )

    def test_mview_is_reflected(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table("test_mview", metadata, autoload=True)
        eq_(
            set(table.columns.keys()),
            set(["id", "data"]),
            "Columns of reflected mview didn't equal expected columns",
        )

    def test_mview_select(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table("test_mview", metadata, autoload=True)
        eq_(table.select().execute().fetchall(), [(89, "d1")])

    def test_get_view_names(self):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        eq_(set(insp.get_view_names()), set(["test_regview", "test_mview"]))

    def test_get_view_names_plain(self):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        eq_(
            set(insp.get_view_names(include=("plain",))), set(["test_regview"])
        )

    def test_get_view_names_plain_string(self):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        eq_(set(insp.get_view_names(include="plain")), set(["test_regview"]))

    def test_get_view_names_materialized(self):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        eq_(
            set(insp.get_view_names(include=("materialized",))),
            set(["test_mview"]),
        )

    def test_get_view_names_empty(self):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        assert_raises(ValueError, insp.get_view_names, include=())

    def test_get_view_definition(self):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        eq_(
            re.sub(
                r"[\n\t ]+",
                " ",
                insp.get_view_definition("test_mview").strip(),
            ),
            "SELECT testtable.id, testtable.data FROM testtable;",
        )


class DomainReflectionTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsExecutionResults):
    """Test PostgreSQL domains"""

    __only_on__ = "postgresql > 8.3"
    __backend__ = True

    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        con = testing.db.connect()
        for ddl in [
            'CREATE SCHEMA "SomeSchema"',
            "CREATE DOMAIN testdomain INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 42",
            "CREATE DOMAIN test_schema.testdomain INTEGER DEFAULT 0",
            "CREATE TYPE testtype AS ENUM ('test')",
            "CREATE DOMAIN enumdomain AS testtype",
            "CREATE DOMAIN arraydomain AS INTEGER[]",
            'CREATE DOMAIN "SomeSchema"."Quoted.Domain" INTEGER DEFAULT 0',
        ]:
            try:
                con.execute(ddl)
            except exc.DBAPIError as e:
                if "already exists" not in str(e):
                    raise e
        con.execute(
            "CREATE TABLE testtable (question integer, answer " "testdomain)"
        )
        con.execute(
            "CREATE TABLE test_schema.testtable(question "
            "integer, answer test_schema.testdomain, anything "
            "integer)"
        )
        con.execute(
            "CREATE TABLE crosschema (question integer, answer "
            "test_schema.testdomain)"
        )

        con.execute("CREATE TABLE enum_test (id integer, data enumdomain)")

        con.execute("CREATE TABLE array_test (id integer, data arraydomain)")

        con.execute(
            "CREATE TABLE quote_test "
            '(id integer, data "SomeSchema"."Quoted.Domain")'
        )

    @classmethod
    def teardown_class(cls):
        con = testing.db.connect()
        con.execute("DROP TABLE testtable")
        con.execute("DROP TABLE test_schema.testtable")
        con.execute("DROP TABLE crosschema")
        con.execute("DROP TABLE quote_test")
        con.execute("DROP DOMAIN testdomain")
        con.execute("DROP DOMAIN test_schema.testdomain")
        con.execute("DROP TABLE enum_test")
        con.execute("DROP DOMAIN enumdomain")
        con.execute("DROP TYPE testtype")
        con.execute("DROP TABLE array_test")
        con.execute("DROP DOMAIN arraydomain")
        con.execute('DROP DOMAIN "SomeSchema"."Quoted.Domain"')
        con.execute('DROP SCHEMA "SomeSchema"')

    def test_table_is_reflected(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table("testtable", metadata, autoload=True)
        eq_(
            set(table.columns.keys()),
            set(["question", "answer"]),
            "Columns of reflected table didn't equal expected columns",
        )
        assert isinstance(table.c.answer.type, Integer)

    def test_domain_is_reflected(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table("testtable", metadata, autoload=True)
        eq_(
            str(table.columns.answer.server_default.arg),
            "42",
            "Reflected default value didn't equal expected value",
        )
        assert (
            not table.columns.answer.nullable
        ), "Expected reflected column to not be nullable."

    def test_enum_domain_is_reflected(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table("enum_test", metadata, autoload=True)
        eq_(table.c.data.type.enums, ["test"])

    def test_array_domain_is_reflected(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table("array_test", metadata, autoload=True)
        eq_(table.c.data.type.__class__, ARRAY)
        eq_(table.c.data.type.item_type.__class__, INTEGER)

    def test_quoted_remote_schema_domain_is_reflected(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table("quote_test", metadata, autoload=True)
        eq_(table.c.data.type.__class__, INTEGER)

    def test_table_is_reflected_test_schema(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table(
            "testtable", metadata, autoload=True, schema="test_schema"
        )
        eq_(
            set(table.columns.keys()),
            set(["question", "answer", "anything"]),
            "Columns of reflected table didn't equal expected columns",
        )
        assert isinstance(table.c.anything.type, Integer)

    def test_schema_domain_is_reflected(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table(
            "testtable", metadata, autoload=True, schema="test_schema"
        )
        eq_(
            str(table.columns.answer.server_default.arg),
            "0",
            "Reflected default value didn't equal expected value",
        )
        assert (
            table.columns.answer.nullable
        ), "Expected reflected column to be nullable."

    def test_crosschema_domain_is_reflected(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table("crosschema", metadata, autoload=True)
        eq_(
            str(table.columns.answer.server_default.arg),
            "0",
            "Reflected default value didn't equal expected value",
        )
        assert (
            table.columns.answer.nullable
        ), "Expected reflected column to be nullable."

    def test_unknown_types(self):
        from sqlalchemy.databases import postgresql

        ischema_names = postgresql.PGDialect.ischema_names
        postgresql.PGDialect.ischema_names = {}
        try:
            m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
            assert_raises(exc.SAWarning, Table, "testtable", m2, autoload=True)

            @testing.emits_warning("Did not recognize type")
            def warns():
                m3 = MetaData(testing.db)
                t3 = Table("testtable", m3, autoload=True)
                assert t3.c.answer.type.__class__ == sa.types.NullType

        finally:
            postgresql.PGDialect.ischema_names = ischema_names


class ReflectionTest(fixtures.TestBase):
    __only_on__ = "postgresql"
    __backend__ = True

    @testing.fails_if(
        "postgresql < 8.4", "Better int2vector functions not available"
    )
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_reflected_primary_key_order(self):
        meta1 = self.metadata
        subject = Table(
            "subject",
            meta1,
            Column("p1", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("p2", Integer, primary_key=True),
            PrimaryKeyConstraint("p2", "p1"),
        )
        meta1.create_all()
        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        subject = Table("subject", meta2, autoload=True)
        eq_(subject.primary_key.columns.keys(), ["p2", "p1"])

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_pg_weirdchar_reflection(self):
        meta1 = self.metadata
        subject = Table(
            "subject", meta1, Column("id$", Integer, primary_key=True)
        )
        referer = Table(
            "referer",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("ref", Integer, ForeignKey("subject.id$")),
        )
        meta1.create_all()
        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        subject = Table("subject", meta2, autoload=True)
        referer = Table("referer", meta2, autoload=True)
        self.assert_(
            (subject.c["id$"] == referer.c.ref).compare(
                subject.join(referer).onclause
            )
        )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_reflect_default_over_128_chars(self):
        Table(
            "t",
            self.metadata,
            Column("x", String(200), server_default="abcd" * 40),
        ).create(testing.db)

        m = MetaData()
        t = Table("t", m, autoload=True, autoload_with=testing.db)
        eq_(
            t.c.x.server_default.arg.text,
            "'%s'::character varying" % ("abcd" * 40),
        )

    @testing.fails_if("postgresql < 8.1", "schema name leaks in, not sure")
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_renamed_sequence_reflection(self):
        metadata = self.metadata
        t = Table("t", metadata, Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True))
        metadata.create_all()
        m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        t2 = Table("t", m2, autoload=True, implicit_returning=False)
        eq_(t2.c.id.server_default.arg.text, "nextval('t_id_seq'::regclass)")
        r = t2.insert().execute()
        eq_(r.inserted_primary_key, [1])
        testing.db.connect().execution_options(autocommit=True).execute(
            "alter table t_id_seq rename to foobar_id_seq"
        )
        m3 = MetaData(testing.db)
        t3 = Table("t", m3, autoload=True, implicit_returning=False)
        eq_(
            t3.c.id.server_default.arg.text,
            "nextval('foobar_id_seq'::regclass)",
        )
        r = t3.insert().execute()
        eq_(r.inserted_primary_key, [2])

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_altered_type_autoincrement_pk_reflection(self):
        metadata = self.metadata
        t = Table(
            "t",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("x", Integer),
        )
        metadata.create_all()
        testing.db.connect().execution_options(autocommit=True).execute(
            "alter table t alter column id type varchar(50)"
        )
        m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        t2 = Table("t", m2, autoload=True)
        eq_(t2.c.id.autoincrement, False)
        eq_(t2.c.x.autoincrement, False)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_renamed_pk_reflection(self):
        metadata = self.metadata
        t = Table("t", metadata, Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True))
        metadata.create_all()
        testing.db.connect().execution_options(autocommit=True).execute(
            "alter table t rename id to t_id"
        )
        m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        t2 = Table("t", m2, autoload=True)
        eq_([c.name for c in t2.primary_key], ["t_id"])

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_has_temporary_table(self):
        assert not testing.db.has_table("some_temp_table")
        user_tmp = Table(
            "some_temp_table",
            self.metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("name", String(50)),
            prefixes=["TEMPORARY"],
        )
        user_tmp.create(testing.db)
        assert testing.db.has_table("some_temp_table")

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_cross_schema_reflection_one(self):

        meta1 = self.metadata

        users = Table(
            "users",
            meta1,
            Column("user_id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("user_name", String(30), nullable=False),
            schema="test_schema",
        )
        addresses = Table(
            "email_addresses",
            meta1,
            Column("address_id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("remote_user_id", Integer, ForeignKey(users.c.user_id)),
            Column("email_address", String(20)),
            schema="test_schema",
        )
        meta1.create_all()
        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        addresses = Table(
            "email_addresses", meta2, autoload=True, schema="test_schema"
        )
        users = Table("users", meta2, mustexist=True, schema="test_schema")
        j = join(users, addresses)
        self.assert_(
            (users.c.user_id == addresses.c.remote_user_id).compare(j.onclause)
        )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_cross_schema_reflection_two(self):
        meta1 = self.metadata
        subject = Table(
            "subject", meta1, Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True)
        )
        referer = Table(
            "referer",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("ref", Integer, ForeignKey("subject.id")),
            schema="test_schema",
        )
        meta1.create_all()
        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        subject = Table("subject", meta2, autoload=True)
        referer = Table("referer", meta2, schema="test_schema", autoload=True)
        self.assert_(
            (subject.c.id == referer.c.ref).compare(
                subject.join(referer).onclause
            )
        )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_cross_schema_reflection_three(self):
        meta1 = self.metadata
        subject = Table(
            "subject",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            schema="test_schema_2",
        )
        referer = Table(
            "referer",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("ref", Integer, ForeignKey("test_schema_2.subject.id")),
            schema="test_schema",
        )
        meta1.create_all()
        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        subject = Table(
            "subject", meta2, autoload=True, schema="test_schema_2"
        )
        referer = Table("referer", meta2, autoload=True, schema="test_schema")
        self.assert_(
            (subject.c.id == referer.c.ref).compare(
                subject.join(referer).onclause
            )
        )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_cross_schema_reflection_four(self):
        meta1 = self.metadata
        subject = Table(
            "subject",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            schema="test_schema_2",
        )
        referer = Table(
            "referer",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("ref", Integer, ForeignKey("test_schema_2.subject.id")),
            schema="test_schema",
        )
        meta1.create_all()

        conn = testing.db.connect()
        conn.detach()
        conn.execute("SET search_path TO test_schema, test_schema_2")
        meta2 = MetaData(bind=conn)
        subject = Table(
            "subject",
            meta2,
            autoload=True,
            schema="test_schema_2",
            postgresql_ignore_search_path=True,
        )
        referer = Table(
            "referer",
            meta2,
            autoload=True,
            schema="test_schema",
            postgresql_ignore_search_path=True,
        )
        self.assert_(
            (subject.c.id == referer.c.ref).compare(
                subject.join(referer).onclause
            )
        )
        conn.close()

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_cross_schema_reflection_five(self):
        meta1 = self.metadata

        # we assume 'public'
        default_schema = testing.db.dialect.default_schema_name
        subject = Table(
            "subject", meta1, Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True)
        )
        referer = Table(
            "referer",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("ref", Integer, ForeignKey("subject.id")),
        )
        meta1.create_all()

        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        subject = Table(
            "subject",
            meta2,
            autoload=True,
            schema=default_schema,
            postgresql_ignore_search_path=True,
        )
        referer = Table(
            "referer",
            meta2,
            autoload=True,
            schema=default_schema,
            postgresql_ignore_search_path=True,
        )
        assert subject.schema == default_schema
        self.assert_(
            (subject.c.id == referer.c.ref).compare(
                subject.join(referer).onclause
            )
        )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_cross_schema_reflection_six(self):
        # test that the search path *is* taken into account
        # by default
        meta1 = self.metadata

        Table(
            "some_table",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            schema="test_schema",
        )
        Table(
            "some_other_table",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("sid", Integer, ForeignKey("test_schema.some_table.id")),
            schema="test_schema_2",
        )
        meta1.create_all()
        with testing.db.connect() as conn:
            conn.detach()

            conn.execute(
                "set search_path to test_schema_2, test_schema, public"
            )

            m1 = MetaData(conn)

            t1_schema = Table(
                "some_table", m1, schema="test_schema", autoload=True
            )
            t2_schema = Table(
                "some_other_table", m1, schema="test_schema_2", autoload=True
            )

            t2_no_schema = Table("some_other_table", m1, autoload=True)

            t1_no_schema = Table("some_table", m1, autoload=True)

            m2 = MetaData(conn)
            t1_schema_isp = Table(
                "some_table",
                m2,
                schema="test_schema",
                autoload=True,
                postgresql_ignore_search_path=True,
            )
            t2_schema_isp = Table(
                "some_other_table",
                m2,
                schema="test_schema_2",
                autoload=True,
                postgresql_ignore_search_path=True,
            )

            # t2_schema refers to t1_schema, but since "test_schema"
            # is in the search path, we instead link to t2_no_schema
            assert t2_schema.c.sid.references(t1_no_schema.c.id)

            # the two no_schema tables refer to each other also.
            assert t2_no_schema.c.sid.references(t1_no_schema.c.id)

            # but if we're ignoring search path, then we maintain
            # those explicit schemas vs. what the "default" schema is
            assert t2_schema_isp.c.sid.references(t1_schema_isp.c.id)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_cross_schema_reflection_seven(self):
        # test that the search path *is* taken into account
        # by default
        meta1 = self.metadata

        Table(
            "some_table",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            schema="test_schema",
        )
        Table(
            "some_other_table",
            meta1,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("sid", Integer, ForeignKey("test_schema.some_table.id")),
            schema="test_schema_2",
        )
        meta1.create_all()
        with testing.db.connect() as conn:
            conn.detach()

            conn.execute(
                "set search_path to test_schema_2, test_schema, public"
            )
            meta2 = MetaData(conn)
            meta2.reflect(schema="test_schema_2")

            eq_(
                set(meta2.tables),
                set(["test_schema_2.some_other_table", "some_table"]),
            )

            meta3 = MetaData(conn)
            meta3.reflect(
                schema="test_schema_2", postgresql_ignore_search_path=True
            )

            eq_(
                set(meta3.tables),
                set(
                    [
                        "test_schema_2.some_other_table",
                        "test_schema.some_table",
                    ]
                ),
            )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_cross_schema_reflection_metadata_uses_schema(self):
        # test [ticket:3716]

        metadata = self.metadata

        Table(
            "some_table",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("sid", Integer, ForeignKey("some_other_table.id")),
            schema="test_schema",
        )
        Table(
            "some_other_table",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            schema=None,
        )
        metadata.create_all()
        with testing.db.connect() as conn:
            meta2 = MetaData(conn, schema="test_schema")
            meta2.reflect()

            eq_(
                set(meta2.tables),
                set(["some_other_table", "test_schema.some_table"]),
            )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_uppercase_lowercase_table(self):
        metadata = self.metadata

        a_table = Table("a", metadata, Column("x", Integer))
        A_table = Table("A", metadata, Column("x", Integer))

        a_table.create()
        assert testing.db.has_table("a")
        assert not testing.db.has_table("A")
        A_table.create(checkfirst=True)
        assert testing.db.has_table("A")

    def test_uppercase_lowercase_sequence(self):

        a_seq = Sequence("a")
        A_seq = Sequence("A")

        a_seq.create(testing.db)
        assert testing.db.dialect.has_sequence(testing.db, "a")
        assert not testing.db.dialect.has_sequence(testing.db, "A")
        A_seq.create(testing.db, checkfirst=True)
        assert testing.db.dialect.has_sequence(testing.db, "A")

        a_seq.drop(testing.db)
        A_seq.drop(testing.db)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_index_reflection(self):
        """ Reflecting partial & expression-based indexes should warn
        """

        metadata = self.metadata

        t1 = Table(
            "party",
            metadata,
            Column("id", String(10), nullable=False),
            Column("name", String(20), index=True),
            Column("aname", String(20)),
        )
        metadata.create_all()
        testing.db.execute(
            """
          create index idx1 on party ((id || name))
        """
        )
        testing.db.execute(
            """
          create unique index idx2 on party (id) where name = 'test'
        """
        )
        testing.db.execute(
            """
            create index idx3 on party using btree
                (lower(name::text), lower(aname::text))
        """
        )

        def go():
            m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
            t2 = Table("party", m2, autoload=True)
            assert len(t2.indexes) == 2

            # Make sure indexes are in the order we expect them in

            tmp = [(idx.name, idx) for idx in t2.indexes]
            tmp.sort()
            r1, r2 = [idx[1] for idx in tmp]
            assert r1.name == "idx2"
            assert r1.unique is True
            assert r2.unique is False
            assert [t2.c.id] == r1.columns
            assert [t2.c.name] == r2.columns

        testing.assert_warnings(
            go,
            [
                "Skipped unsupported reflection of "
                "expression-based index idx1",
                "Predicate of partial index idx2 ignored during " "reflection",
                "Skipped unsupported reflection of "
                "expression-based index idx3",
            ],
        )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_index_reflection_modified(self):
        """reflect indexes when a column name has changed - PG 9
        does not update the name of the column in the index def.
        [ticket:2141]

        """

        metadata = self.metadata

        t1 = Table(
            "t",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("x", Integer),
        )
        metadata.create_all()
        conn = testing.db.connect().execution_options(autocommit=True)
        conn.execute("CREATE INDEX idx1 ON t (x)")
        conn.execute("ALTER TABLE t RENAME COLUMN x to y")

        ind = testing.db.dialect.get_indexes(conn, "t", None)
        eq_(ind, [{"unique": False, "column_names": ["y"], "name": "idx1"}])
        conn.close()

    @testing.fails_if("postgresql < 8.2", "reloptions not supported")
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_index_reflection_with_storage_options(self):
        """reflect indexes with storage options set"""

        metadata = self.metadata

        Table(
            "t",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("x", Integer),
        )
        metadata.create_all()

        with testing.db.connect().execution_options(autocommit=True) as conn:
            conn.execute("CREATE INDEX idx1 ON t (x) WITH (fillfactor = 50)")

            ind = testing.db.dialect.get_indexes(conn, "t", None)
            eq_(
                ind,
                [
                    {
                        "unique": False,
                        "column_names": ["x"],
                        "name": "idx1",
                        "dialect_options": {
                            "postgresql_with": {"fillfactor": "50"}
                        },
                    }
                ],
            )

            m = MetaData()
            t1 = Table("t", m, autoload_with=conn)
            eq_(
                list(t1.indexes)[0].dialect_options["postgresql"]["with"],
                {"fillfactor": "50"},
            )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_index_reflection_with_access_method(self):
        """reflect indexes with storage options set"""

        metadata = self.metadata

        Table(
            "t",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("x", ARRAY(Integer)),
        )
        metadata.create_all()
        with testing.db.connect().execution_options(autocommit=True) as conn:
            conn.execute("CREATE INDEX idx1 ON t USING gin (x)")

            ind = testing.db.dialect.get_indexes(conn, "t", None)
            eq_(
                ind,
                [
                    {
                        "unique": False,
                        "column_names": ["x"],
                        "name": "idx1",
                        "dialect_options": {"postgresql_using": "gin"},
                    }
                ],
            )
            m = MetaData()
            t1 = Table("t", m, autoload_with=conn)
            eq_(
                list(t1.indexes)[0].dialect_options["postgresql"]["using"],
                "gin",
            )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_foreign_key_option_inspection(self):
        metadata = self.metadata
        Table(
            "person",
            metadata,
            Column("id", String(length=32), nullable=False, primary_key=True),
            Column(
                "company_id",
                ForeignKey(
                    "company.id",
                    name="person_company_id_fkey",
                    match="FULL",
                    onupdate="RESTRICT",
                    ondelete="RESTRICT",
                    deferrable=True,
                    initially="DEFERRED",
                ),
            ),
        )
        Table(
            "company",
            metadata,
            Column("id", String(length=32), nullable=False, primary_key=True),
            Column("name", String(length=255)),
            Column(
                "industry_id",
                ForeignKey(
                    "industry.id",
                    name="company_industry_id_fkey",
                    onupdate="CASCADE",
                    ondelete="CASCADE",
                    deferrable=False,  # PG default
                    # PG default
                    initially="IMMEDIATE",
                ),
            ),
        )
        Table(
            "industry",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer(), nullable=False, primary_key=True),
            Column("name", String(length=255)),
        )
        fk_ref = {
            "person_company_id_fkey": {
                "name": "person_company_id_fkey",
                "constrained_columns": ["company_id"],
                "referred_columns": ["id"],
                "referred_table": "company",
                "referred_schema": None,
                "options": {
                    "onupdate": "RESTRICT",
                    "deferrable": True,
                    "ondelete": "RESTRICT",
                    "initially": "DEFERRED",
                    "match": "FULL",
                },
            },
            "company_industry_id_fkey": {
                "name": "company_industry_id_fkey",
                "constrained_columns": ["industry_id"],
                "referred_columns": ["id"],
                "referred_table": "industry",
                "referred_schema": None,
                "options": {
                    "onupdate": "CASCADE",
                    "deferrable": None,
                    "ondelete": "CASCADE",
                    "initially": None,
                    "match": None,
                },
            },
        }
        metadata.create_all()
        inspector = inspect(testing.db)
        fks = inspector.get_foreign_keys(
            "person"
        ) + inspector.get_foreign_keys("company")
        for fk in fks:
            eq_(fk, fk_ref[fk["name"]])

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_inspect_enums_schema(self):
        conn = testing.db.connect()
        enum_type = postgresql.ENUM(
            "sad",
            "ok",
            "happy",
            name="mood",
            schema="test_schema",
            metadata=self.metadata,
        )
        enum_type.create(conn)
        inspector = reflection.Inspector.from_engine(conn.engine)
        eq_(
            inspector.get_enums("test_schema"),
            [
                {
                    "visible": False,
                    "name": "mood",
                    "schema": "test_schema",
                    "labels": ["sad", "ok", "happy"],
                }
            ],
        )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_inspect_enums(self):
        enum_type = postgresql.ENUM(
            "cat", "dog", "rat", name="pet", metadata=self.metadata
        )
        enum_type.create(testing.db)
        inspector = reflection.Inspector.from_engine(testing.db)
        eq_(
            inspector.get_enums(),
            [
                {
                    "visible": True,
                    "labels": ["cat", "dog", "rat"],
                    "name": "pet",
                    "schema": "public",
                }
            ],
        )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_inspect_enums_case_sensitive(self):
        sa.event.listen(
            self.metadata,
            "before_create",
            sa.DDL('create schema "TestSchema"'),
        )
        sa.event.listen(
            self.metadata,
            "after_drop",
            sa.DDL('drop schema "TestSchema" cascade'),
        )

        for enum in "lower_case", "UpperCase", "Name.With.Dot":
            for schema in None, "test_schema", "TestSchema":

                postgresql.ENUM(
                    "CapsOne",
                    "CapsTwo",
                    name=enum,
                    schema=schema,
                    metadata=self.metadata,
                )

        self.metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        inspector = inspect(testing.db)
        for schema in None, "test_schema", "TestSchema":
            eq_(
                sorted(
                    inspector.get_enums(schema=schema), key=itemgetter("name")
                ),
                [
                    {
                        "visible": schema is None,
                        "labels": ["CapsOne", "CapsTwo"],
                        "name": "Name.With.Dot",
                        "schema": "public" if schema is None else schema,
                    },
                    {
                        "visible": schema is None,
                        "labels": ["CapsOne", "CapsTwo"],
                        "name": "UpperCase",
                        "schema": "public" if schema is None else schema,
                    },
                    {
                        "visible": schema is None,
                        "labels": ["CapsOne", "CapsTwo"],
                        "name": "lower_case",
                        "schema": "public" if schema is None else schema,
                    },
                ],
            )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_inspect_enums_case_sensitive_from_table(self):
        sa.event.listen(
            self.metadata,
            "before_create",
            sa.DDL('create schema "TestSchema"'),
        )
        sa.event.listen(
            self.metadata,
            "after_drop",
            sa.DDL('drop schema "TestSchema" cascade'),
        )

        counter = itertools.count()
        for enum in "lower_case", "UpperCase", "Name.With.Dot":
            for schema in None, "test_schema", "TestSchema":

                enum_type = postgresql.ENUM(
                    "CapsOne",
                    "CapsTwo",
                    name=enum,
                    metadata=self.metadata,
                    schema=schema,
                )

                Table(
                    "t%d" % next(counter),
                    self.metadata,
                    Column("q", enum_type),
                )

        self.metadata.create_all(testing.db)

        inspector = inspect(testing.db)
        counter = itertools.count()
        for enum in "lower_case", "UpperCase", "Name.With.Dot":
            for schema in None, "test_schema", "TestSchema":
                cols = inspector.get_columns("t%d" % next(counter))
                cols[0]["type"] = (
                    cols[0]["type"].schema,
                    cols[0]["type"].name,
                    cols[0]["type"].enums,
                )
                eq_(
                    cols,
                    [
                        {
                            "name": "q",
                            "type": (schema, enum, ["CapsOne", "CapsTwo"]),
                            "nullable": True,
                            "default": None,
                            "autoincrement": False,
                            "comment": None,
                        }
                    ],
                )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_inspect_enums_star(self):
        enum_type = postgresql.ENUM(
            "cat", "dog", "rat", name="pet", metadata=self.metadata
        )
        schema_enum_type = postgresql.ENUM(
            "sad",
            "ok",
            "happy",
            name="mood",
            schema="test_schema",
            metadata=self.metadata,
        )
        enum_type.create(testing.db)
        schema_enum_type.create(testing.db)
        inspector = reflection.Inspector.from_engine(testing.db)

        eq_(
            inspector.get_enums(),
            [
                {
                    "visible": True,
                    "labels": ["cat", "dog", "rat"],
                    "name": "pet",
                    "schema": "public",
                }
            ],
        )

        eq_(
            inspector.get_enums("*"),
            [
                {
                    "visible": True,
                    "labels": ["cat", "dog", "rat"],
                    "name": "pet",
                    "schema": "public",
                },
                {
                    "visible": False,
                    "name": "mood",
                    "schema": "test_schema",
                    "labels": ["sad", "ok", "happy"],
                },
            ],
        )

    @testing.provide_metadata
    @testing.only_on("postgresql >= 8.5")
    def test_reflection_with_unique_constraint(self):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)

        meta = self.metadata
        uc_table = Table(
            "pgsql_uc",
            meta,
            Column("a", String(10)),
            UniqueConstraint("a", name="uc_a"),
        )

        uc_table.create()

        # PostgreSQL will create an implicit index for a unique
        # constraint.   Separately we get both
        indexes = set(i["name"] for i in insp.get_indexes("pgsql_uc"))
        constraints = set(
            i["name"] for i in insp.get_unique_constraints("pgsql_uc")
        )

        self.assert_("uc_a" in indexes)
        self.assert_("uc_a" in constraints)

        # reflection corrects for the dupe
        reflected = Table("pgsql_uc", MetaData(testing.db), autoload=True)

        indexes = set(i.name for i in reflected.indexes)
        constraints = set(uc.name for uc in reflected.constraints)

        self.assert_("uc_a" not in indexes)
        self.assert_("uc_a" in constraints)

    @testing.requires.btree_gist
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_reflection_with_exclude_constraint(self):
        m = self.metadata
        Table(
            "t",
            m,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("period", TSRANGE),
            ExcludeConstraint(("period", "&&"), name="quarters_period_excl"),
        )

        m.create_all()

        insp = inspect(testing.db)

        # PostgreSQL will create an implicit index for an exclude constraint.
        # we don't reflect the EXCLUDE yet.
        eq_(
            insp.get_indexes("t"),
            [
                {
                    "unique": False,
                    "name": "quarters_period_excl",
                    "duplicates_constraint": "quarters_period_excl",
                    "dialect_options": {"postgresql_using": "gist"},
                    "column_names": ["period"],
                }
            ],
        )

        # reflection corrects for the dupe
        reflected = Table("t", MetaData(testing.db), autoload=True)

        eq_(set(reflected.indexes), set())

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_reflect_unique_index(self):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)

        meta = self.metadata

        # a unique index OTOH we are able to detect is an index
        # and not a unique constraint
        uc_table = Table(
            "pgsql_uc",
            meta,
            Column("a", String(10)),
            Index("ix_a", "a", unique=True),
        )

        uc_table.create()

        indexes = dict((i["name"], i) for i in insp.get_indexes("pgsql_uc"))
        constraints = set(
            i["name"] for i in insp.get_unique_constraints("pgsql_uc")
        )

        self.assert_("ix_a" in indexes)
        assert indexes["ix_a"]["unique"]
        self.assert_("ix_a" not in constraints)

        reflected = Table("pgsql_uc", MetaData(testing.db), autoload=True)

        indexes = dict((i.name, i) for i in reflected.indexes)
        constraints = set(uc.name for uc in reflected.constraints)

        self.assert_("ix_a" in indexes)
        assert indexes["ix_a"].unique
        self.assert_("ix_a" not in constraints)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_reflect_check_constraint(self):
        meta = self.metadata

        cc_table = Table(
            "pgsql_cc",
            meta,
            Column("a", Integer()),
            CheckConstraint("a > 1 AND a < 5", name="cc1"),
            CheckConstraint("a = 1 OR (a > 2 AND a < 5)", name="cc2"),
        )

        cc_table.create()

        reflected = Table("pgsql_cc", MetaData(testing.db), autoload=True)

        check_constraints = dict(
            (uc.name, uc.sqltext.text)
            for uc in reflected.constraints
            if isinstance(uc, CheckConstraint)
        )

        eq_(
            check_constraints,
            {
                u"cc1": u"(a > 1) AND (a < 5)",
                u"cc2": u"(a = 1) OR ((a > 2) AND (a < 5))",
            },
        )

    def test_reflect_check_warning(self):
        conn = mock.Mock(
            execute=lambda *arg, **kw: mock.Mock(
                fetchall=lambda: [("some name", "NOTCHECK foobar")]
            )
        )
        with mock.patch.object(
            testing.db.dialect, "get_table_oid", lambda *arg, **kw: 1
        ):
            with testing.expect_warnings(
                "Could not parse CHECK constraint text: 'NOTCHECK foobar'"
            ):
                testing.db.dialect.get_check_constraints(conn, "foo")


class CustomTypeReflectionTest(fixtures.TestBase):
    class CustomType(object):
        def __init__(self, arg1=None, arg2=None):
            self.arg1 = arg1
            self.arg2 = arg2

    ischema_names = None

    def setup(self):
        ischema_names = postgresql.PGDialect.ischema_names
        postgresql.PGDialect.ischema_names = ischema_names.copy()
        self.ischema_names = ischema_names

    def teardown(self):
        postgresql.PGDialect.ischema_names = self.ischema_names
        self.ischema_names = None

    def _assert_reflected(self, dialect):
        for sch, args in [
            ("my_custom_type", (None, None)),
            ("my_custom_type()", (None, None)),
            ("my_custom_type(ARG1)", ("ARG1", None)),
            ("my_custom_type(ARG1, ARG2)", ("ARG1", "ARG2")),
        ]:
            column_info = dialect._get_column_info(
                "colname", sch, None, False, {}, {}, "public", None
            )
            assert isinstance(column_info["type"], self.CustomType)
            eq_(column_info["type"].arg1, args[0])
            eq_(column_info["type"].arg2, args[1])

    def test_clslevel(self):
        postgresql.PGDialect.ischema_names["my_custom_type"] = self.CustomType
        dialect = postgresql.PGDialect()
        self._assert_reflected(dialect)

    def test_instancelevel(self):
        dialect = postgresql.PGDialect()
        dialect.ischema_names = dialect.ischema_names.copy()
        dialect.ischema_names["my_custom_type"] = self.CustomType
        self._assert_reflected(dialect)


class IntervalReflectionTest(fixtures.TestBase):
    __only_on__ = "postgresql"
    __backend__ = True

    def test_interval_types(self):
        for sym in [
            "YEAR",
            "MONTH",
            "DAY",
            "HOUR",
            "MINUTE",
            "SECOND",
            "YEAR TO MONTH",
            "DAY TO HOUR",
            "DAY TO MINUTE",
            "DAY TO SECOND",
            "HOUR TO MINUTE",
            "HOUR TO SECOND",
            "MINUTE TO SECOND",
        ]:
            self._test_interval_symbol(sym)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_interval_symbol(self, sym):
        t = Table(
            "i_test",
            self.metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("data1", INTERVAL(fields=sym)),
        )
        t.create(testing.db)

        columns = {
            rec["name"]: rec
            for rec in inspect(testing.db).get_columns("i_test")
        }
        assert isinstance(columns["data1"]["type"], INTERVAL)
        eq_(columns["data1"]["type"].fields, sym.lower())
        eq_(columns["data1"]["type"].precision, None)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_interval_precision(self):
        t = Table(
            "i_test",
            self.metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("data1", INTERVAL(precision=6)),
        )
        t.create(testing.db)

        columns = {
            rec["name"]: rec
            for rec in inspect(testing.db).get_columns("i_test")
        }
        assert isinstance(columns["data1"]["type"], INTERVAL)
        eq_(columns["data1"]["type"].fields, None)
        eq_(columns["data1"]["type"].precision, 6)