Michael Paquier 73dab12719 Make type cache initialization more resilient on re-entry after OOM
An out-of-memory failure while initializing the type cache hash tables
would issue an ERROR and leave a backend in a partially inconsistent
state.  Without assertions, the server would crash with a NULL pointer
dereference on initialization re-entry when doing a type lookup due to
one or both hash tables missing.  An assertion would trigger if these
are enabled in the build.

This commit changes the ordering of the type cache initialization to
become more robust on re-entry after an in-flight allocation failure:
- The two hash tables are initialized first, and can only be initialized
once.
- The initialization is considered as done once the in-progress list is
allocated in the CacheMemoryContext.  This is now the last allocation
step.
- Last, the callbacks are registered.  These can only fail with a FATAL
error, taking down the process so leaving the process in a non-complete
state is fine.

This is in the same spirit as b85f9c00fb and 29fb598b9c, where
random allocation failures can make the backend go crazy in the code
paths fixed due to the static states becoming inconsistent.  Like the
other fixes, this is unlikely going to show up in practice, so no
backpatch is done.

Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com>
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Reviewed-by: Matthias van de Meent <boekewurm+postgres@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/e77acaac-a1b3-40b3-99ee-5769b4e453e4@gmail.com
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PostgreSQL Database Management System

This directory contains the source code distribution of the PostgreSQL database management system.

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types and functions. This distribution also contains C language bindings.

Copyright and license information can be found in the file COPYRIGHT.

General documentation about this version of PostgreSQL can be found at https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/. In particular, information about building PostgreSQL from the source code can be found at https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/installation.html.

The latest version of this software, and related software, may be obtained at https://www.postgresql.org/download/. For more information look at our web site located at https://www.postgresql.org/.

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Description
Mirror of the official PostgreSQL GIT repository. Note that this is just a *mirror* - we don't work with pull requests on github. To contribute, please see https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Submitting_a_Patch
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