uucore: splice fast-path for head -c & preliminary for dd, tail, split (#11844)

* uucore: splice fast-path for head -c & preliminary for dd, tail, split

* pipes.rs: reduce nest by early return

Co-authored-by: Daniel Hofstetter <daniel.hofstetter@42dh.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

---------

Co-authored-by: Daniel Hofstetter <daniel.hofstetter@42dh.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

src/uu/head/Cargo.toml

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ memchr = { workspace = true }
 thiserror = { workspace = true }
 uucore = { workspace = true, features = [
   "parser-size",
+  "pipes",
   "ringbuffer",
   "lines",
   "fs",

src/uu/head/src/head.rs

@@ -166,6 +166,14 @@ fn wrap_in_stdout_error(err: io::Error) -> io::Error {
     )
 }
 
+// zero-copy fast-path
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn read_n_bytes(input: impl Read + AsFd, n: u64) -> io::Result<u64> {
+    let out = io::stdout();
+    uucore::pipes::send_n_bytes(input, out, n).map_err(wrap_in_stdout_error)
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
 fn read_n_bytes(input: impl Read, n: u64) -> io::Result<u64> {
     // Read the first `n` bytes from the `input` reader.
     let mut reader = input.take(n);
@@ -606,6 +614,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))] // missing trait for AsFd
     fn read_early_exit() {
         let mut empty = io::BufReader::new(Cursor::new(Vec::new()));
         assert!(read_n_bytes(&mut empty, 0).is_ok());

src/uucore/src/lib/features/pipes.rs

@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@ use rustix::pipe::{SpliceFlags, fcntl_setpipe_size};
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android", test))]
 use std::fs::File;
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
-use std::os::fd::AsFd;
+use std::{io::Read, os::fd::AsFd, sync::OnceLock};
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
 pub const MAX_ROOTLESS_PIPE_SIZE: usize = 1024 * 1024;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+const KERNEL_DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE: usize = 64 * 1024;
 
 /// A wrapper around [`rustix::pipe::pipe`] that ensures the pipe is cleaned up.
 ///
@@ -30,6 +32,20 @@ pub fn pipe() -> std::io::Result<(File, File)> {
     Ok((File::from(read), File::from(write)))
 }
 
+/// return pipe larger than given size and kernel's default size
+///
+/// useful to save RAM usage
+#[inline]
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn pipe_with_size(s: usize) -> std::io::Result<(File, File)> {
+    let (read, write) = rustix::pipe::pipe()?;
+    if s > KERNEL_DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE {
+        let _ = fcntl_setpipe_size(&read, s);
+    }
+
+    Ok((File::from(read), File::from(write)))
+}
+
 /// Less noisy wrapper around [`rustix::pipe::splice`].
 ///
 /// Up to `len` bytes are moved from `source` to `target`. Returns the number
@@ -70,6 +86,90 @@ pub fn might_fuse(source: &impl AsFd) -> bool {
     rustix::fs::fstatfs(source).map_or(true, |stats| stats.f_type == 0x6573_5546) // FUSE magic number, too many platform specific clippy warning with const
 }
 
+/// splice `n` bytes with safe read/write fallback
+/// return actually sent bytes
+#[inline]
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn send_n_bytes(
+    input: impl Read + AsFd,
+    mut target: impl std::io::Write + AsFd,
+    n: u64,
+) -> std::io::Result<u64> {
+    static PIPE_CACHE: OnceLock<Option<(File, File)>> = OnceLock::new();
+    let pipe_size = MAX_ROOTLESS_PIPE_SIZE.min(n as usize);
+    let mut n = n;
+    let mut bytes_written: u64 = 0;
+    // do not always fallback to write as it needs 2 Ctrl+D to exit process on tty
+    let fallback = if let Ok(b) = splice(&input, &target, n as usize) {
+        bytes_written = b as u64;
+        n -= bytes_written;
+        if n == 0 {
+            // avoid unnecessary syscalls
+            return Ok(bytes_written);
+        }
+
+        // improve throughput or save RAM usage
+        // expected that input is already extended if it is coming from splice
+        // we can use pipe_size * N with some case e.g. head -c N inputs, but we need N splice call anyway
+        if pipe_size > KERNEL_DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE {
+            let _ = fcntl_setpipe_size(&target, pipe_size);
+        }
+
+        loop {
+            match splice(&input, &target, n as usize) {
+                Ok(0) => break might_fuse(&input),
+                Ok(s @ 1..) => {
+                    n -= s as u64;
+                    bytes_written += s as u64;
+                }
+                _ => break true,
+            }
+        }
+    } else if let Some((broker_r, broker_w)) = PIPE_CACHE
+        .get_or_init(|| pipe_with_size(pipe_size).ok())
+        .as_ref()
+    {
+        loop {
+            match splice(&input, &broker_w, n as usize) {
+                Ok(0) => break might_fuse(&input),
+                Ok(s @ 1..) => {
+                    if splice_exact(&broker_r, &target, s).is_ok() {
+                        n -= s as u64;
+                        bytes_written += s as u64;
+                        if n == 0 {
+                            // avoid unnecessary splice for small input
+                            break false;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        let mut drain = Vec::with_capacity(s); // bounded by pipe size
+                        broker_r.take(s as u64).read_to_end(&mut drain)?;
+                        target.write_all(&drain)?;
+                        break true;
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => break true,
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        true
+    };
+
+    if !fallback {
+        return Ok(bytes_written);
+    }
+    let mut reader = input.take(n);
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; (32 * 1024).min(n as usize)]; //use heap to avoid early allocation
+    loop {
+        match reader.read(&mut buf)? {
+            0 => return Ok(bytes_written),
+            n => {
+                target.write_all(&buf[..n])?;
+                bytes_written += n as u64;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Return verified /dev/null
 ///
 /// `splice` to /dev/null is faster than `read` when we skip or count the non-seekable input