Revert "cargo-dist: generate more targets"

This reverts commit 80b993141b.

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+name: Basic CI
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    name: cargo check
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macOS-latest, windows-latest]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - run: cargo check
+
+  test:
+    name: cargo test
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macOS-latest, windows-latest]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - name: install GNU patch on MacOS
+        if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+        run: brew install gpatch
+      - name: set up PATH on Windows
+        # Needed to use GNU's patch.exe instead of Strawberry Perl patch
+        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+        run: echo "C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+      - run: cargo test
+
+  fmt:
+    name: cargo fmt --all -- --check
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - run: rustup component add rustfmt
+      - run: cargo fmt --all -- --check
+
+  clippy:
+    name: cargo clippy -- -D warnings
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macOS-latest, windows-latest]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - run: rustup component add clippy
+      - run: cargo clippy -- -D warnings
+
+  gnu-testsuite:
+    name: GNU test suite
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - run: cargo build --release
+      # do not fail, the report is merely informative (at least until all tests pass reliably)
+      - run: ./tests/run-upstream-testsuite.sh release || true
+        env:
+          TERM: xterm
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: test-results.json
+          path: tests/test-results.json
+      - run: ./tests/print-test-results.sh tests/test-results.json
+
+  coverage:
+    name: Code Coverage
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        job:
+          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , features: unix }
+          - { os: macos-latest   , features: macos }
+          - { os: windows-latest , features: windows }
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Initialize workflow variables
+      id: vars
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## VARs setup
+        outputs() { step_id="vars"; for var in "$@" ; do echo steps.${step_id}.outputs.${var}="${!var}"; echo "${var}=${!var}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT; done; }
+        # toolchain
+        TOOLCHAIN="nightly" ## default to "nightly" toolchain (required for certain required unstable compiler flags) ## !maint: refactor when stable channel has needed support
+        # * specify gnu-type TOOLCHAIN for windows; `grcov` requires gnu-style code coverage data files
+        case ${{ matrix.job.os }} in windows-*) TOOLCHAIN="$TOOLCHAIN-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu" ;; esac;
+        # * use requested TOOLCHAIN if specified
+        if [ -n "${{ matrix.job.toolchain }}" ]; then TOOLCHAIN="${{ matrix.job.toolchain }}" ; fi
+        outputs TOOLCHAIN
+        # target-specific options
+        # * CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
+        CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='--all -- --check' ;  ## default to '--all-features' for code coverage
+        # * CODECOV_FLAGS
+        CODECOV_FLAGS=$( echo "${{ matrix.job.os }}" | sed 's/[^[:alnum:]]/_/g' )
+        outputs CODECOV_FLAGS
+
+    - name: rust toolchain ~ install
+      uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
+    - run: rustup component add llvm-tools-preview
+    - name: install GNU patch on MacOS
+      if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+      run: brew install gpatch
+    - name: set up PATH on Windows
+      # Needed to use GNU's patch.exe instead of Strawberry Perl patch
+      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      run: echo "C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+    - name: Test
+      run: cargo test ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }} --no-fail-fast
+      env:
+        CARGO_INCREMENTAL: "0"
+        RUSTC_WRAPPER: ""
+        RUSTFLAGS: "-Cinstrument-coverage -Zcoverage-options=branch -Ccodegen-units=1 -Copt-level=0 -Coverflow-checks=off -Zpanic_abort_tests -Cpanic=abort"
+        RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-Cpanic=abort"
+        LLVM_PROFILE_FILE: "diffutils-%p-%m.profraw"
+    - name: "`grcov` ~ install"
+      id: build_grcov
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        git clone https://github.com/mozilla/grcov.git ~/grcov/
+        cd ~/grcov
+        # Hardcode the version of crossbeam-epoch. See
+        # https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/issues/3680
+        sed -i -e "s|tempfile =|crossbeam-epoch = \"=0.9.8\"\ntempfile =|" Cargo.toml
+        cargo install --path .
+        cd -
+# Uncomment when the upstream issue
+# https://github.com/mozilla/grcov/issues/849 is fixed
+#      uses: actions-rs/install@v0.1
+#      with:
+#        crate: grcov
+#        version: latest
+#        use-tool-cache: false
+    - name: Generate coverage data (via `grcov`)
+      id: coverage
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ## Generate coverage data
+        COVERAGE_REPORT_DIR="target/debug"
+        COVERAGE_REPORT_FILE="${COVERAGE_REPORT_DIR}/lcov.info"
+        mkdir -p "${COVERAGE_REPORT_DIR}"
+        # display coverage files
+        grcov . --output-type files --binary-path "${COVERAGE_REPORT_DIR}" | sort --unique
+        # generate coverage report
+        grcov . --output-type lcov --output-path "${COVERAGE_REPORT_FILE}" --binary-path "${COVERAGE_REPORT_DIR}" --branch
+        echo "report=${COVERAGE_REPORT_FILE}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+    - name: Upload coverage results (to Codecov.io)
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        file: ${{ steps.coverage.outputs.report }}
+        ## flags: IntegrationTests, UnitTests, ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CODECOV_FLAGS }}
+        flags: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CODECOV_FLAGS }}
+        name: codecov-umbrella
+        fail_ci_if_error: false
+

.github/workflows/fuzzing.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+name: Fuzzing
+
+# spell-checker:ignore fuzzer
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}
+
+jobs:
+  fuzz-build:
+    name: Build the fuzzers
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
+      - name: Install `cargo-fuzz`
+        run: cargo install cargo-fuzz
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          shared-key: "cargo-fuzz-cache-key"
+          cache-directories: "fuzz/target"
+      - name: Run `cargo-fuzz build`
+        run: cargo +nightly fuzz build
+
+  fuzz-run:
+    needs: fuzz-build
+    name: Run the fuzzers
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+    env:
+      RUN_FOR: 60
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test-target:
+          - { name: fuzz_ed, should_pass: true }
+          - { name: fuzz_normal, should_pass: true }
+          - { name: fuzz_patch, should_pass: true }
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
+      - name: Install `cargo-fuzz`
+        run: cargo install cargo-fuzz
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          shared-key: "cargo-fuzz-cache-key"
+          cache-directories: "fuzz/target"
+      - name: Restore Cached Corpus
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        with:
+          key: corpus-cache-${{ matrix.test-target.name }}
+          path: |
+            fuzz/corpus/${{ matrix.test-target.name }}
+      - name: Run ${{ matrix.test-target.name }} for XX seconds
+        shell: bash
+        continue-on-error: ${{ !matrix.test-target.name.should_pass }}
+        run: |
+          cargo +nightly fuzz run ${{ matrix.test-target.name }} -- -max_total_time=${{ env.RUN_FOR }} -detect_leaks=0
+      - name: Save Corpus Cache
+        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
+        with:
+          key: corpus-cache-${{ matrix.test-target.name }}
+          path: |
+            fuzz/corpus/${{ matrix.test-target.name }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+# Copyright 2022-2024, axodotdev
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT or Apache-2.0
+#
+# CI that:
+#
+# * checks for a Git Tag that looks like a release
+# * builds artifacts with cargo-dist (archives, installers, hashes)
+# * uploads those artifacts to temporary workflow zip
+# * on success, uploads the artifacts to a GitHub Release
+#
+# Note that the GitHub Release will be created with a generated
+# title/body based on your changelogs.
+
+name: Release
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+# This task will run whenever you push a git tag that looks like a version
+# like "1.0.0", "v0.1.0-prerelease.1", "my-app/0.1.0", "releases/v1.0.0", etc.
+# Various formats will be parsed into a VERSION and an optional PACKAGE_NAME, where
+# PACKAGE_NAME must be the name of a Cargo package in your workspace, and VERSION
+# must be a Cargo-style SemVer Version (must have at least major.minor.patch).
+#
+# If PACKAGE_NAME is specified, then the announcement will be for that
+# package (erroring out if it doesn't have the given version or isn't cargo-dist-able).
+#
+# If PACKAGE_NAME isn't specified, then the announcement will be for all
+# (cargo-dist-able) packages in the workspace with that version (this mode is
+# intended for workspaces with only one dist-able package, or with all dist-able
+# packages versioned/released in lockstep).
+#
+# If you push multiple tags at once, separate instances of this workflow will
+# spin up, creating an independent announcement for each one. However, GitHub
+# will hard limit this to 3 tags per commit, as it will assume more tags is a
+# mistake.
+#
+# If there's a prerelease-style suffix to the version, then the release(s)
+# will be marked as a prerelease.
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - '**[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+*'
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  # Run 'cargo dist plan' (or host) to determine what tasks we need to do
+  plan:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      val: ${{ steps.plan.outputs.manifest }}
+      tag: ${{ !github.event.pull_request && github.ref_name || '' }}
+      tag-flag: ${{ !github.event.pull_request && format('--tag={0}', github.ref_name) || '' }}
+      publishing: ${{ !github.event.pull_request }}
+    env:
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+      - name: Install cargo-dist
+        # we specify bash to get pipefail; it guards against the `curl` command
+        # failing. otherwise `sh` won't catch that `curl` returned non-0
+        shell: bash
+        run: "curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/axodotdev/cargo-dist/releases/download/v0.13.3/cargo-dist-installer.sh | sh"
+      # sure would be cool if github gave us proper conditionals...
+      # so here's a doubly-nested ternary-via-truthiness to try to provide the best possible
+      # functionality based on whether this is a pull_request, and whether it's from a fork.
+      # (PRs run on the *source* but secrets are usually on the *target* -- that's *good*
+      # but also really annoying to build CI around when it needs secrets to work right.)
+      - id: plan
+        run: |
+          cargo dist ${{ (!github.event.pull_request && format('host --steps=create --tag={0}', github.ref_name)) || 'plan' }} --output-format=json > plan-dist-manifest.json
+          echo "cargo dist ran successfully"
+          cat plan-dist-manifest.json
+          echo "manifest=$(jq -c "." plan-dist-manifest.json)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: "Upload dist-manifest.json"
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: artifacts-plan-dist-manifest
+          path: plan-dist-manifest.json
+
+  # Build and packages all the platform-specific things
+  build-local-artifacts:
+    name: build-local-artifacts (${{ join(matrix.targets, ', ') }})
+    # Let the initial task tell us to not run (currently very blunt)
+    needs:
+      - plan
+    if: ${{ fromJson(needs.plan.outputs.val).ci.github.artifacts_matrix.include != null && (needs.plan.outputs.publishing == 'true' || fromJson(needs.plan.outputs.val).ci.github.pr_run_mode == 'upload') }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      # Target platforms/runners are computed by cargo-dist in create-release.
+      # Each member of the matrix has the following arguments:
+      #
+      # - runner: the github runner
+      # - dist-args: cli flags to pass to cargo dist
+      # - install-dist: expression to run to install cargo-dist on the runner
+      #
+      # Typically there will be:
+      # - 1 "global" task that builds universal installers
+      # - N "local" tasks that build each platform's binaries and platform-specific installers
+      matrix: ${{ fromJson(needs.plan.outputs.val).ci.github.artifacts_matrix }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    env:
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      BUILD_MANIFEST_NAME: target/distrib/${{ join(matrix.targets, '-') }}-dist-manifest.json
+    steps:
+      - name: enable windows longpaths
+        run: |
+          git config --global core.longpaths true
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+      - uses: swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          key: ${{ join(matrix.targets, '-') }}
+      - name: Install cargo-dist
+        run: ${{ matrix.install_dist }}
+      # Get the dist-manifest
+      - name: Fetch local artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: artifacts-*
+          path: target/distrib/
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          ${{ matrix.packages_install }}
+      - name: Build artifacts
+        run: |
+          # Actually do builds and make zips and whatnot
+          cargo dist build ${{ needs.plan.outputs.tag-flag }} --print=linkage --output-format=json ${{ matrix.dist_args }} > dist-manifest.json
+          echo "cargo dist ran successfully"
+      - id: cargo-dist
+        name: Post-build
+        # We force bash here just because github makes it really hard to get values up
+        # to "real" actions without writing to env-vars, and writing to env-vars has
+        # inconsistent syntax between shell and powershell.
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          # Parse out what we just built and upload it to scratch storage
+          echo "paths<<EOF" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          jq --raw-output ".upload_files[]" dist-manifest.json >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "EOF" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+          cp dist-manifest.json "$BUILD_MANIFEST_NAME"
+      - name: "Upload artifacts"
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: artifacts-build-local-${{ join(matrix.targets, '_') }}
+          path: |
+            ${{ steps.cargo-dist.outputs.paths }}
+            ${{ env.BUILD_MANIFEST_NAME }}
+
+  # Build and package all the platform-agnostic(ish) things
+  build-global-artifacts:
+    needs:
+      - plan
+      - build-local-artifacts
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
+    env:
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      BUILD_MANIFEST_NAME: target/distrib/global-dist-manifest.json
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+      - name: Install cargo-dist
+        shell: bash
+        run: "curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/axodotdev/cargo-dist/releases/download/v0.13.3/cargo-dist-installer.sh | sh"
+      # Get all the local artifacts for the global tasks to use (for e.g. checksums)
+      - name: Fetch local artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: artifacts-*
+          path: target/distrib/
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - id: cargo-dist
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          cargo dist build ${{ needs.plan.outputs.tag-flag }} --output-format=json "--artifacts=global" > dist-manifest.json
+          echo "cargo dist ran successfully"
+
+          # Parse out what we just built and upload it to scratch storage
+          echo "paths<<EOF" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          jq --raw-output ".upload_files[]" dist-manifest.json >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "EOF" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+          cp dist-manifest.json "$BUILD_MANIFEST_NAME"
+      - name: "Upload artifacts"
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: artifacts-build-global
+          path: |
+            ${{ steps.cargo-dist.outputs.paths }}
+            ${{ env.BUILD_MANIFEST_NAME }}
+  # Determines if we should publish/announce
+  host:
+    needs:
+      - plan
+      - build-local-artifacts
+      - build-global-artifacts
+    # Only run if we're "publishing", and only if local and global didn't fail (skipped is fine)
+    if: ${{ always() && needs.plan.outputs.publishing == 'true' && (needs.build-global-artifacts.result == 'skipped' || needs.build-global-artifacts.result == 'success') && (needs.build-local-artifacts.result == 'skipped' || needs.build-local-artifacts.result == 'success') }}
+    env:
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
+    outputs:
+      val: ${{ steps.host.outputs.manifest }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+      - name: Install cargo-dist
+        run: "curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/axodotdev/cargo-dist/releases/download/v0.13.3/cargo-dist-installer.sh | sh"
+      # Fetch artifacts from scratch-storage
+      - name: Fetch artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: artifacts-*
+          path: target/distrib/
+          merge-multiple: true
+      # This is a harmless no-op for GitHub Releases, hosting for that happens in "announce"
+      - id: host
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          cargo dist host ${{ needs.plan.outputs.tag-flag }} --steps=upload --steps=release --output-format=json > dist-manifest.json
+          echo "artifacts uploaded and released successfully"
+          cat dist-manifest.json
+          echo "manifest=$(jq -c "." dist-manifest.json)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: "Upload dist-manifest.json"
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          # Overwrite the previous copy
+          name: artifacts-dist-manifest
+          path: dist-manifest.json
+
+  # Create a GitHub Release while uploading all files to it
+  announce:
+    needs:
+      - plan
+      - host
+    # use "always() && ..." to allow us to wait for all publish jobs while
+    # still allowing individual publish jobs to skip themselves (for prereleases).
+    # "host" however must run to completion, no skipping allowed!
+    if: ${{ always() && needs.host.result == 'success' }}
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
+    env:
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+      - name: "Download GitHub Artifacts"
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: artifacts-*
+          path: artifacts
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Cleanup
+        run: |
+          # Remove the granular manifests
+          rm -f artifacts/*-dist-manifest.json
+      - name: Create GitHub Release
+        uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
+        with:
+          tag: ${{ needs.plan.outputs.tag }}
+          name: ${{ fromJson(needs.host.outputs.val).announcement_title }}
+          body: ${{ fromJson(needs.host.outputs.val).announcement_github_body }}
+          prerelease: ${{ fromJson(needs.host.outputs.val).announcement_is_prerelease }}
+          artifacts: "artifacts/*"

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 /target
-Cargo.lock
 *.swp

Cargo.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "aho-corasick"
+version = "1.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b2969dcb958b36655471fc61f7e416fa76033bdd4bfed0678d8fee1e2d07a1f0"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "android-tzdata"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e999941b234f3131b00bc13c22d06e8c5ff726d1b6318ac7eb276997bbb4fef0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "android_system_properties"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "819e7219dbd41043ac279b19830f2efc897156490d7fd6ea916720117ee66311"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle"
+version = "1.0.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8901269c6307e8d93993578286ac0edf7f195079ffff5ebdeea6a59ffb7e36bc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "assert_cmd"
+version = "2.0.16"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc1835b7f27878de8525dc71410b5a31cdcc5f230aed5ba5df968e09c201b23d"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "bstr",
+ "doc-comment",
+ "libc",
+ "predicates",
+ "predicates-core",
+ "predicates-tree",
+ "wait-timeout",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "autocfg"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d468802bab17cbc0cc575e9b053f41e72aa36bfa6b7f55e3529ffa43161b97fa"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "2.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ed570934406eb16438a4e976b1b4500774099c13b8cb96eec99f620f05090ddf"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bstr"
+version = "1.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c48f0051a4b4c5e0b6d365cd04af53aeaa209e3cc15ec2cdb69e73cc87fbd0dc"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "regex-automata",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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Cargo.toml

@@ -1,18 +1,46 @@
 [package]
-name = "unified-diff"
-version = "0.2.1"
-authors = [
-    "Michael Howell <michael@notriddle.com>",
-    "The Rust Project Developers"
-]
-edition = "2018"
-description = "An implementation of the GNU unified diff format"
+name = "diffutils"
+version = "0.4.2"
+edition = "2021"
+description = "A CLI app for generating diff files"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
-repository = "https://github.com/notriddle/rust-unified-diff"
-exclude = [ "fuzz" ]
+repository = "https://github.com/uutils/diffutils"
+
+[lib]
+name = "diffutilslib"
+path = "src/lib.rs"
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "unified-diff"
+name = "diffutils"
+path = "src/main.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
-diff = "0.1.10"
+chrono = "0.4.38"
+diff = "0.1.13"
+regex = "1.10.4"
+same-file = "1.0.6"
+unicode-width = "0.1.12"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+pretty_assertions = "1.4.0"
+assert_cmd = "2.0.14"
+predicates = "3.1.0"
+tempfile = "3.10.1"
+
+# The profile that 'cargo dist' will build with
+[profile.dist]
+inherits = "release"
+lto = "thin"
+
+# Config for 'cargo dist'
+[workspace.metadata.dist]
+# The preferred cargo-dist version to use in CI (Cargo.toml SemVer syntax)
+cargo-dist-version = "0.13.3"
+# CI backends to support
+ci = ["github"]
+# The installers to generate for each app
+installers = []
+# Target platforms to build apps for (Rust target-triple syntax)
+targets = ["aarch64-apple-darwin", "x86_64-apple-darwin", "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu", "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc"]
+# Publish jobs to run in CI
+pr-run-mode = "plan"

LICENSE-APACHE

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+Copyright (c) Michael Howell
+Copyright (c) uutils developers
+
                               Apache License
                         Version 2.0, January 2004
                      http://www.apache.org/licenses/

LICENSE-MIT

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+Copyright (c) Michael Howell
+Copyright (c) uutils developers
+
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
 person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
 documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the

README.md

@@ -1,41 +1,56 @@
-A GNU unified diff generator. Oracle tested against GNU patch 2.7.6
+[![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/diffutils.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/diffutils)
+[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/badge/discord-join-7289DA.svg?logo=discord&longCache=true&style=flat)](https://discord.gg/wQVJbvJ)
+[![License](http://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://github.com/uutils/diffutils/blob/main/LICENSE)
+[![dependency status](https://deps.rs/repo/github/uutils/diffutils/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/repo/github/uutils/diffutils)
 
-Based on the incomplete diff generator in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs,
-but it implements a different format.
+[![CodeCov](https://codecov.io/gh/uutils/diffutils/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/uutils/diffutils)
 
+The goal of this package is to be a drop-in replacement for the [diffutils commands](https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/) in Rust.
+
+Based on the incomplete diff generator in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs, and made to be compatible with GNU's diff and patch tools.
+
+
+## Installation
+
+Ensure you have Rust installed on your system. You can install Rust through [rustup](https://rustup.rs/).
+
+Clone the repository and build the project using Cargo:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/uutils/diffutils.git
+cd diffutils
+cargo build --release
 ```
-~/unified-diff$ cargo run Cargo.lock Cargo.toml 
+
+## Example
+
+```bash
+
+cat <<EOF >fruits_old.txt
+Apple
+Banana
+Cherry
+EOF
+
+cat <<EOF >fruits_new.txt
+Apple
+Fig
+Cherry
+EOF
+
+$ cargo run -- -u fruits_old.txt fruits_new.txt
     Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.00s
-     Running `target/debug/unified-diff Cargo.lock Cargo.toml`
---- Cargo.lock	
-+++ Cargo.toml	
-@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
--# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
--# It is not intended for manual editing.
--[[package]]
--name = "diff"
--version = "0.1.12"
--source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
--checksum = "0e25ea47919b1560c4e3b7fe0aaab9becf5b84a10325ddf7db0f0ba5e1026499"
--
--[[package]]
-+[package]
- name = "unified-diff"
- version = "0.1.0"
--dependencies = [
-- "diff",
-+authors = [
-+    "Michael Howell <michael@notriddle.com>",
-+    "The Rust Project Developers"
- ]
-+edition = "2018"
-+
-+[[bin]]
-+name = "unified-diff"
-+
-+[dependencies]
-+diff = "0.1.10"
-~/unified-diff$ rustup override set nightly
-~/unified-diff$ cargo fuzz run fuzz_patch
+     Running `target/debug/diffutils -u fruits_old.txt fruits_new.txt`
+--- fruits_old.txt
++++ fruits_new.txt
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ Apple
+-Banana
++Fig
+ Cherry
+
 ```
 
+## License
+
+diffutils is licensed under the MIT and Apache Licenses - see the `LICENSE-MIT` or `LICENSE-APACHE` files for details

fuzz/Cargo.toml

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "unified-diff-fuzz"
 version = "0.0.0"
-authors = ["Automatically generated"]
 publish = false
 edition = "2018"
 
@@ -10,10 +9,8 @@ edition = "2018"
 cargo-fuzz = true
 
 [dependencies]
-libfuzzer-sys = "0.3"
-
-[dependencies.unified-diff]
-path = ".."
+libfuzzer-sys = "0.4.7"
+diffutils = { path = "../" }
 
 # Prevent this from interfering with workspaces
 [workspace]
@@ -25,3 +22,17 @@ path = "fuzz_targets/fuzz_patch.rs"
 test = false
 doc = false
 
+[[bin]]
+name = "fuzz_normal"
+path = "fuzz_targets/fuzz_normal.rs"
+test = false
+doc = false
+
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "fuzz_ed"
+path = "fuzz_targets/fuzz_ed.rs"
+test = false
+doc = false
+
+

fuzz/fuzz_targets/fuzz_ed.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#![no_main]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate libfuzzer_sys;
+use diffutilslib::ed_diff;
+use diffutilslib::ed_diff::DiffError;
+use diffutilslib::params::Params;
+use std::fs::{self, File};
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::process::Command;
+
+fn diff_w(expected: &[u8], actual: &[u8], filename: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DiffError> {
+    let mut output = ed_diff::diff(expected, actual, &Params::default())?;
+    writeln!(&mut output, "w {filename}").unwrap();
+    Ok(output)
+}
+
+fuzz_target!(|x: (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)| {
+    let (mut from, mut to) = x;
+    from.push(b'\n');
+    to.push(b'\n');
+    if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(from.clone()) {
+        if !s.is_ascii() {
+            return;
+        }
+        if s.find(|x| x < ' ' && x != '\n').is_some() {
+            return;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return;
+    }
+    if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(to.clone()) {
+        if !s.is_ascii() {
+            return;
+        }
+        if s.find(|x| x < ' ' && x != '\n').is_some() {
+            return;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return;
+    }
+    let diff = diff_w(&from, &to, "target/fuzz.file").unwrap();
+    File::create("target/fuzz.file.original")
+        .unwrap()
+        .write_all(&from)
+        .unwrap();
+    File::create("target/fuzz.file.expected")
+        .unwrap()
+        .write_all(&to)
+        .unwrap();
+    File::create("target/fuzz.file")
+        .unwrap()
+        .write_all(&from)
+        .unwrap();
+    File::create("target/fuzz.ed")
+        .unwrap()
+        .write_all(&diff)
+        .unwrap();
+    let output = Command::new("ed")
+        .arg("target/fuzz.file")
+        .stdin(File::open("target/fuzz.ed").unwrap())
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    if !output.status.success() {
+        panic!(
+            "STDOUT:\n{}\nSTDERR:\n{}",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+        );
+    }
+    let result = fs::read("target/fuzz.file").unwrap();
+    if result != to {
+        panic!(
+            "STDOUT:\n{}\nSTDERR:\n{}",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+        );
+    }
+});

fuzz/fuzz_targets/fuzz_normal.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#![no_main]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate libfuzzer_sys;
+use diffutilslib::normal_diff;
+use diffutilslib::params::Params;
+
+use std::fs::{self, File};
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::process::Command;
+
+fuzz_target!(|x: (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)| {
+    let (from, to) = x;
+    /*if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(from.clone()) {
+        if !s.is_ascii() { return }
+        if s.find(|x| x < ' ' && x != '\n').is_some() { return }
+    } else {
+        return
+    }
+    if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(to.clone()) {
+        if !s.is_ascii() { return }
+        if s.find(|x| x < ' ' && x != '\n').is_some() { return }
+    } else {
+        return
+    }*/
+    let diff = normal_diff::diff(&from, &to, &Params::default());
+    File::create("target/fuzz.file.original")
+        .unwrap()
+        .write_all(&from)
+        .unwrap();
+    File::create("target/fuzz.file.expected")
+        .unwrap()
+        .write_all(&to)
+        .unwrap();
+    File::create("target/fuzz.file")
+        .unwrap()
+        .write_all(&from)
+        .unwrap();
+    File::create("target/fuzz.diff")
+        .unwrap()
+        .write_all(&diff)
+        .unwrap();
+    let output = Command::new("patch")
+        .arg("-p0")
+        .arg("--binary")
+        .arg("--fuzz=0")
+        .arg("--normal")
+        .arg("target/fuzz.file")
+        .stdin(File::open("target/fuzz.diff").unwrap())
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    if !output.status.success() {
+        panic!(
+            "STDOUT:\n{}\nSTDERR:\n{}",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+        );
+    }
+    let result = fs::read("target/fuzz.file").unwrap();
+    if result != to {
+        panic!(
+            "STDOUT:\n{}\nSTDERR:\n{}",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+        );
+    }
+});

fuzz/fuzz_targets/fuzz_patch.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #![no_main]
-#[macro_use] extern crate libfuzzer_sys;
-extern crate unified_diff;
-
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate libfuzzer_sys;
+use diffutilslib::params::Params;
+use diffutilslib::unified_diff;
 use std::fs::{self, File};
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::process::Command;
@@ -20,7 +21,16 @@ fuzz_target!(|x: (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, u8)| {
     } else {
         return
     }*/
-    let diff = unified_diff::diff(&from, "a/fuzz.file", &to, "target/fuzz.file", context as usize);
+    let diff = unified_diff::diff(
+        &from,
+        &to,
+        &Params {
+            from: "a/fuzz.file".into(),
+            to: "target/fuzz.file".into(),
+            context_count: context as usize,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    );
     File::create("target/fuzz.file.original")
         .unwrap()
         .write_all(&from)
@@ -45,11 +55,18 @@ fuzz_target!(|x: (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, u8)| {
         .output()
         .unwrap();
     if !output.status.success() {
-        panic!("STDOUT:\n{}\nSTDERR:\n{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+        panic!(
+            "STDOUT:\n{}\nSTDERR:\n{}",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+        );
     }
     let result = fs::read("target/fuzz.file").unwrap();
     if result != to {
-        panic!("STDOUT:\n{}\nSTDERR:\n{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+        panic!(
+            "STDOUT:\n{}\nSTDERR:\n{}",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+        );
     }
 });
-

renovate.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
+  "extends": [
+    "config:recommended"
+  ]
+}

src/context_diff.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+// This file is part of the uutils diffutils package.
+//
+// For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE-*
+// files that was distributed with this source code.
+
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::io::Write;
+
+use crate::params::Params;
+use crate::utils::do_write_line;
+use crate::utils::get_modification_time;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum DiffLine {
+    Context(Vec<u8>),
+    Change(Vec<u8>),
+    Add(Vec<u8>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct Mismatch {
+    pub line_number_expected: usize,
+    pub line_number_actual: usize,
+    pub expected: Vec<DiffLine>,
+    pub actual: Vec<DiffLine>,
+    pub expected_missing_nl: bool,
+    pub actual_missing_nl: bool,
+    pub expected_all_context: bool,
+    pub actual_all_context: bool,
+}
+
+impl Mismatch {
+    fn new(line_number_expected: usize, line_number_actual: usize) -> Mismatch {
+        Mismatch {
+            line_number_expected,
+            line_number_actual,
+            expected: Vec::new(),
+            actual: Vec::new(),
+            expected_missing_nl: false,
+            actual_missing_nl: false,
+            expected_all_context: false,
+            actual_all_context: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Produces a diff between the expected output and actual output.
+fn make_diff(
+    expected: &[u8],
+    actual: &[u8],
+    context_size: usize,
+    stop_early: bool,
+) -> Vec<Mismatch> {
+    let mut line_number_expected = 1;
+    let mut line_number_actual = 1;
+    let mut context_queue: VecDeque<&[u8]> = VecDeque::with_capacity(context_size);
+    let mut lines_since_mismatch = context_size + 1;
+    let mut results = Vec::new();
+    let mut mismatch = Mismatch::new(0, 0);
+
+    let mut expected_lines: Vec<&[u8]> = expected.split(|&c| c == b'\n').collect();
+    let mut actual_lines: Vec<&[u8]> = actual.split(|&c| c == b'\n').collect();
+
+    debug_assert_eq!(b"".split(|&c| c == b'\n').count(), 1);
+    // ^ means that underflow here is impossible
+    let expected_lines_count = expected_lines.len() - 1;
+    let actual_lines_count = actual_lines.len() - 1;
+
+    if expected_lines.last() == Some(&&b""[..]) {
+        expected_lines.pop();
+    }
+
+    if actual_lines.last() == Some(&&b""[..]) {
+        actual_lines.pop();
+    }
+
+    // Rust only allows allocations to grow to isize::MAX, and this is bigger than that.
+    let mut expected_lines_change_idx: usize = !0;
+
+    for result in diff::slice(&expected_lines, &actual_lines) {
+        match result {
+            diff::Result::Left(str) => {
+                if lines_since_mismatch > context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
+                    results.push(mismatch);
+                    mismatch = Mismatch::new(
+                        line_number_expected - context_queue.len(),
+                        line_number_actual - context_queue.len(),
+                    );
+                }
+
+                while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
+                    mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                    mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                }
+
+                expected_lines_change_idx = mismatch.expected.len();
+                mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Add(str.to_vec()));
+                if line_number_expected > expected_lines_count {
+                    mismatch.expected_missing_nl = true;
+                }
+                line_number_expected += 1;
+                lines_since_mismatch = 0;
+            }
+            diff::Result::Right(str) => {
+                if lines_since_mismatch > context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
+                    results.push(mismatch);
+                    mismatch = Mismatch::new(
+                        line_number_expected - context_queue.len(),
+                        line_number_actual - context_queue.len(),
+                    );
+                    expected_lines_change_idx = !0;
+                }
+
+                while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
+                    mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                    mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                }
+
+                if let Some(DiffLine::Add(content)) =
+                    mismatch.expected.get_mut(expected_lines_change_idx)
+                {
+                    let content = std::mem::take(content);
+                    mismatch.expected[expected_lines_change_idx] = DiffLine::Change(content);
+                    expected_lines_change_idx = expected_lines_change_idx.wrapping_sub(1); // if 0, becomes !0
+                    mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Change(str.to_vec()));
+                } else {
+                    mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Add(str.to_vec()));
+                }
+                if line_number_actual > actual_lines_count {
+                    mismatch.actual_missing_nl = true;
+                }
+                line_number_actual += 1;
+                lines_since_mismatch = 0;
+            }
+            diff::Result::Both(str, _) => {
+                expected_lines_change_idx = !0;
+                // if one of them is missing a newline and the other isn't, then they don't actually match
+                if (line_number_actual > actual_lines_count)
+                    && (line_number_expected > expected_lines_count)
+                {
+                    if context_queue.len() < context_size {
+                        while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
+                            mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                            mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                        }
+                        if lines_since_mismatch < context_size {
+                            mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Context(str.to_vec()));
+                            mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Context(str.to_vec()));
+                            mismatch.expected_missing_nl = true;
+                            mismatch.actual_missing_nl = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    lines_since_mismatch = 0;
+                } else if line_number_actual > actual_lines_count {
+                    if lines_since_mismatch >= context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
+                        results.push(mismatch);
+                        mismatch = Mismatch::new(
+                            line_number_expected - context_queue.len(),
+                            line_number_actual - context_queue.len(),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
+                        mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                        mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                    }
+                    mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Change(str.to_vec()));
+                    mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Change(str.to_vec()));
+                    mismatch.actual_missing_nl = true;
+                    lines_since_mismatch = 0;
+                } else if line_number_expected > expected_lines_count {
+                    if lines_since_mismatch >= context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
+                        results.push(mismatch);
+                        mismatch = Mismatch::new(
+                            line_number_expected - context_queue.len(),
+                            line_number_actual - context_queue.len(),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
+                        mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                        mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                    }
+                    mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Change(str.to_vec()));
+                    mismatch.expected_missing_nl = true;
+                    mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Change(str.to_vec()));
+                    lines_since_mismatch = 0;
+                } else {
+                    debug_assert!(context_queue.len() <= context_size);
+                    if context_queue.len() >= context_size {
+                        let _ = context_queue.pop_front();
+                    }
+                    if lines_since_mismatch < context_size {
+                        mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Context(str.to_vec()));
+                        mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Context(str.to_vec()));
+                    } else if context_size > 0 {
+                        context_queue.push_back(str);
+                    }
+                    lines_since_mismatch += 1;
+                }
+                line_number_expected += 1;
+                line_number_actual += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if stop_early && !results.is_empty() {
+            // Optimization: stop analyzing the files as soon as there are any differences
+            return results;
+        }
+    }
+
+    results.push(mismatch);
+    results.remove(0);
+
+    if results.is_empty() && expected_lines_count != actual_lines_count {
+        let mut mismatch = Mismatch::new(expected_lines.len(), actual_lines.len());
+        // empty diff and only expected lines has a missing line at end
+        if expected_lines_count != expected_lines.len() {
+            mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Change(
+                expected_lines
+                    .pop()
+                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
+                    .to_vec(),
+            ));
+            mismatch.expected_missing_nl = true;
+            mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Change(
+                actual_lines
+                    .pop()
+                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
+                    .to_vec(),
+            ));
+            results.push(mismatch);
+        } else if actual_lines_count != actual_lines.len() {
+            mismatch.expected.push(DiffLine::Change(
+                expected_lines
+                    .pop()
+                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
+                    .to_vec(),
+            ));
+            mismatch.actual.push(DiffLine::Change(
+                actual_lines
+                    .pop()
+                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
+                    .to_vec(),
+            ));
+            mismatch.actual_missing_nl = true;
+            results.push(mismatch);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // hunks with pure context lines get truncated to empty
+    for mismatch in &mut results {
+        if !mismatch
+            .expected
+            .iter()
+            .any(|x| !matches!(&x, DiffLine::Context(_)))
+        {
+            mismatch.expected_all_context = true;
+        }
+        if !mismatch
+            .actual
+            .iter()
+            .any(|x| !matches!(&x, DiffLine::Context(_)))
+        {
+            mismatch.actual_all_context = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    results
+}
+
+#[must_use]
+pub fn diff(expected: &[u8], actual: &[u8], params: &Params) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let from_modified_time = get_modification_time(&params.from.to_string_lossy());
+    let to_modified_time = get_modification_time(&params.to.to_string_lossy());
+    let mut output = format!(
+        "*** {0}\t{1}\n--- {2}\t{3}\n",
+        params.from.to_string_lossy(),
+        from_modified_time,
+        params.to.to_string_lossy(),
+        to_modified_time
+    )
+    .into_bytes();
+    let diff_results = make_diff(expected, actual, params.context_count, params.brief);
+    if diff_results.is_empty() {
+        return Vec::new();
+    }
+    if params.brief {
+        return output;
+    }
+    for result in diff_results {
+        let mut line_number_expected = result.line_number_expected;
+        let mut line_number_actual = result.line_number_actual;
+        let mut expected_count = result.expected.len();
+        let mut actual_count = result.actual.len();
+        if expected_count == 0 {
+            line_number_expected -= 1;
+            expected_count = 1;
+        }
+        if actual_count == 0 {
+            line_number_actual -= 1;
+            actual_count = 1;
+        }
+        let end_line_number_expected = expected_count + line_number_expected - 1;
+        let end_line_number_actual = actual_count + line_number_actual - 1;
+        let exp_start = if end_line_number_expected == line_number_expected {
+            String::new()
+        } else {
+            format!("{line_number_expected},")
+        };
+        let act_start = if end_line_number_actual == line_number_actual {
+            String::new()
+        } else {
+            format!("{line_number_actual},")
+        };
+        writeln!(
+            output,
+            "***************\n*** {exp_start}{end_line_number_expected} ****"
+        )
+        .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+        if !result.expected_all_context {
+            for line in result.expected {
+                match line {
+                    DiffLine::Context(e) => {
+                        write!(output, "  ").expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        do_write_line(&mut output, &e, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize)
+                            .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        writeln!(output).unwrap();
+                    }
+                    DiffLine::Change(e) => {
+                        write!(output, "! ").expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        do_write_line(&mut output, &e, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize)
+                            .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        writeln!(output).unwrap();
+                    }
+                    DiffLine::Add(e) => {
+                        write!(output, "- ").expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        do_write_line(&mut output, &e, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize)
+                            .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        writeln!(output).unwrap();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if result.expected_missing_nl {
+                writeln!(output, r"\ No newline at end of file")
+                    .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+            }
+        }
+        writeln!(output, "--- {act_start}{end_line_number_actual} ----")
+            .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+        if !result.actual_all_context {
+            for line in result.actual {
+                match line {
+                    DiffLine::Context(e) => {
+                        write!(output, "  ").expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        do_write_line(&mut output, &e, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize)
+                            .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        writeln!(output).unwrap();
+                    }
+                    DiffLine::Change(e) => {
+                        write!(output, "! ").expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        do_write_line(&mut output, &e, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize)
+                            .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        writeln!(output).unwrap();
+                    }
+                    DiffLine::Add(e) => {
+                        write!(output, "+ ").expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        do_write_line(&mut output, &e, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize)
+                            .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                        writeln!(output).unwrap();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if result.actual_missing_nl {
+                writeln!(output, r"\ No newline at end of file")
+                    .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    output
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations() {
+        // test all possible six-line files.
+        let target = "target/context-diff/";
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                use std::process::Command;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"b\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"f\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"h\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"j\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"l\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff(
+                                    &alef,
+                                    &bet,
+                                    &Params {
+                                        from: "a/alef".into(),
+                                        to: (&format!("{target}/alef")).into(),
+                                        context_count: 2,
+                                        ..Default::default()
+                                    },
+                                );
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/ab.diff"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alef")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/bet")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                    .arg("-p0")
+                                    .arg("--context")
+                                    .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/ab.diff")).unwrap())
+                                    .output()
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alef")).unwrap();
+                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_empty_lines() {
+        let target = "target/context-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files with missing newlines.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                use std::process::Command;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"b\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"d\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"f\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"h\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"j\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"l\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff(
+                                    &alef,
+                                    &bet,
+                                    &Params {
+                                        from: "a/alef_".into(),
+                                        to: (&format!("{target}/alef_")).into(),
+                                        context_count: 2,
+                                        ..Default::default()
+                                    },
+                                );
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/ab_.diff"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alef_")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/bet_")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                    .arg("-p0")
+                                    .arg("--context")
+                                    .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/ab_.diff")).unwrap())
+                                    .output()
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alef_")).unwrap();
+                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_missing_lines() {
+        let target = "target/context-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                use std::process::Command;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                if alef.is_empty() && bet.is_empty() {
+                                    continue;
+                                };
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff(
+                                    &alef,
+                                    &bet,
+                                    &Params {
+                                        from: "a/alefx".into(),
+                                        to: (&format!("{target}/alefx")).into(),
+                                        context_count: 2,
+                                        ..Default::default()
+                                    },
+                                );
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/abx.diff"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alefx")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/betx")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                    .arg("-p0")
+                                    .arg("--context")
+                                    .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/abx.diff")).unwrap())
+                                    .output()
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alefx")).unwrap();
+                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_reverse() {
+        let target = "target/context-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                use std::process::Command;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"f\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"a\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"b\n" } else { b"e\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"c\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"d\n" } else { b"c\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"b\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"e\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"f\n" } else { b"a\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff(
+                                    &alef,
+                                    &bet,
+                                    &Params {
+                                        from: "a/alefr".into(),
+                                        to: (&format!("{target}/alefr")).into(),
+                                        context_count: 2,
+                                        ..Default::default()
+                                    },
+                                );
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/abr.diff"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alefr")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/betr")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                    .arg("-p0")
+                                    .arg("--context")
+                                    .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/abr.diff")).unwrap())
+                                    .output()
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alefr")).unwrap();
+                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_stop_early() {
+        use crate::assert_diff_eq;
+
+        let from_filename = "foo";
+        let from = ["a", "b", "c", ""].join("\n");
+        let to_filename = "bar";
+        let to = ["a", "d", "c", ""].join("\n");
+
+        let diff_full = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            to.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                from: from_filename.into(),
+                to: to_filename.into(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+
+        let expected_full = [
+            "*** foo\tTIMESTAMP",
+            "--- bar\tTIMESTAMP",
+            "***************",
+            "*** 1,3 ****",
+            "  a",
+            "! b",
+            "  c",
+            "--- 1,3 ----",
+            "  a",
+            "! d",
+            "  c",
+            "",
+        ]
+        .join("\n");
+        assert_diff_eq!(diff_full, expected_full);
+
+        let diff_brief = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            to.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                from: from_filename.into(),
+                to: to_filename.into(),
+                brief: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+
+        let expected_brief = ["*** foo\tTIMESTAMP", "--- bar\tTIMESTAMP", ""].join("\n");
+        assert_diff_eq!(diff_brief, expected_brief);
+
+        let nodiff_full = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                from: from_filename.into(),
+                to: to_filename.into(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        assert!(nodiff_full.is_empty());
+
+        let nodiff_brief = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                from: from_filename.into(),
+                to: to_filename.into(),
+                brief: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        assert!(nodiff_brief.is_empty());
+    }
+}

src/ed_diff.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+// This file is part of the uutils diffutils package.
+//
+// For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE-*
+// files that was distributed with this source code.
+
+use std::io::Write;
+
+use crate::params::Params;
+use crate::utils::do_write_line;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct Mismatch {
+    pub line_number_expected: usize,
+    pub line_number_actual: usize,
+    pub expected: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
+    pub actual: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum DiffError {
+    MissingNL,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for DiffError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
+        std::fmt::Display::fmt("No newline at end of file", f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<DiffError> for String {
+    fn from(_: DiffError) -> String {
+        "No newline at end of file".into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mismatch {
+    fn new(line_number_expected: usize, line_number_actual: usize) -> Mismatch {
+        Mismatch {
+            line_number_expected,
+            line_number_actual,
+            expected: Vec::new(),
+            actual: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Produces a diff between the expected output and actual output.
+fn make_diff(expected: &[u8], actual: &[u8], stop_early: bool) -> Result<Vec<Mismatch>, DiffError> {
+    let mut line_number_expected = 1;
+    let mut line_number_actual = 1;
+    let mut results = Vec::new();
+    let mut mismatch = Mismatch::new(line_number_expected, line_number_actual);
+
+    let mut expected_lines: Vec<&[u8]> = expected.split(|&c| c == b'\n').collect();
+    let mut actual_lines: Vec<&[u8]> = actual.split(|&c| c == b'\n').collect();
+
+    debug_assert_eq!(b"".split(|&c| c == b'\n').count(), 1);
+    // ^ means that underflow here is impossible
+    let _expected_lines_count = expected_lines.len() - 1;
+    let _actual_lines_count = actual_lines.len() - 1;
+
+    if expected_lines.last() == Some(&&b""[..]) {
+        expected_lines.pop();
+    } else {
+        return Err(DiffError::MissingNL);
+    }
+
+    if actual_lines.last() == Some(&&b""[..]) {
+        actual_lines.pop();
+    } else {
+        return Err(DiffError::MissingNL);
+    }
+
+    for result in diff::slice(&expected_lines, &actual_lines) {
+        match result {
+            diff::Result::Left(str) => {
+                if !mismatch.actual.is_empty() {
+                    results.push(mismatch);
+                    mismatch = Mismatch::new(line_number_expected, line_number_actual);
+                }
+                mismatch.expected.push(str.to_vec());
+                line_number_expected += 1;
+            }
+            diff::Result::Right(str) => {
+                mismatch.actual.push(str.to_vec());
+                line_number_actual += 1;
+            }
+            diff::Result::Both(_str, _) => {
+                line_number_expected += 1;
+                line_number_actual += 1;
+                if !mismatch.actual.is_empty() || !mismatch.expected.is_empty() {
+                    results.push(mismatch);
+                    mismatch = Mismatch::new(line_number_expected, line_number_actual);
+                } else {
+                    mismatch.line_number_expected = line_number_expected;
+                    mismatch.line_number_actual = line_number_actual;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if stop_early && !results.is_empty() {
+            // Optimization: stop analyzing the files as soon as there are any differences
+            return Ok(results);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if !mismatch.actual.is_empty() || !mismatch.expected.is_empty() {
+        results.push(mismatch);
+    }
+
+    Ok(results)
+}
+
+pub fn diff(expected: &[u8], actual: &[u8], params: &Params) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DiffError> {
+    let mut output = Vec::new();
+    let diff_results = make_diff(expected, actual, params.brief)?;
+    if params.brief && !diff_results.is_empty() {
+        write!(&mut output, "\0").unwrap();
+        return Ok(output);
+    }
+    let mut lines_offset = 0;
+    for result in diff_results {
+        let line_number_expected: isize = result.line_number_expected as isize + lines_offset;
+        let _line_number_actual: isize = result.line_number_actual as isize + lines_offset;
+        let expected_count: isize = result.expected.len() as isize;
+        let actual_count: isize = result.actual.len() as isize;
+        match (expected_count, actual_count) {
+            (0, 0) => unreachable!(),
+            (0, _) => writeln!(&mut output, "{}a", line_number_expected - 1).unwrap(),
+            (_, 0) => writeln!(
+                &mut output,
+                "{},{}d",
+                line_number_expected,
+                expected_count + line_number_expected - 1
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            (1, _) => writeln!(&mut output, "{line_number_expected}c").unwrap(),
+            _ => writeln!(
+                &mut output,
+                "{},{}c",
+                line_number_expected,
+                expected_count + line_number_expected - 1
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        }
+        lines_offset += actual_count - expected_count;
+        if actual_count != 0 {
+            for actual in &result.actual {
+                if actual == b"." {
+                    writeln!(&mut output, "..\n.\ns/.//\na").unwrap();
+                } else {
+                    do_write_line(&mut output, actual, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize).unwrap();
+                    writeln!(&mut output).unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+            writeln!(&mut output, ".").unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(output)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    pub fn diff_w(expected: &[u8], actual: &[u8], filename: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DiffError> {
+        let mut output = diff(expected, actual, &Params::default())?;
+        writeln!(&mut output, "w {filename}").unwrap();
+        Ok(output)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic() {
+        let from = b"a\n";
+        let to = b"b\n";
+        let diff = diff(from, to, &Params::default()).unwrap();
+        let expected = ["1c", "b", ".", ""].join("\n");
+        assert_eq!(diff, expected.as_bytes());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations() {
+        let target = "target/ed-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::File;
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"b\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"f\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"h\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"j\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"l\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff_w(&alef, &bet, &format!("{target}/alef")).unwrap();
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/ab.ed"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alef")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/bet")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                #[cfg(not(windows))] // there's no ed on windows
+                                {
+                                    use std::process::Command;
+                                    let output = Command::new("ed")
+                                        .arg(format!("{target}/alef"))
+                                        .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/ab.ed")).unwrap())
+                                        .output()
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                    let alef = std::fs::read(format!("{target}/alef")).unwrap();
+                                    assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_empty_lines() {
+        let target = "target/ed-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files with missing newlines.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::File;
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"b\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"d\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"f\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"h\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"j\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"l\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff_w(&alef, &bet, &format!("{target}/alef_")).unwrap();
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/ab_.ed"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alef_")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/bet_")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                #[cfg(not(windows))] // there's no ed on windows
+                                {
+                                    use std::process::Command;
+                                    let output = Command::new("ed")
+                                        .arg(format!("{target}/alef_"))
+                                        .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/ab_.ed")).unwrap())
+                                        .output()
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                    let alef = std::fs::read(format!("{target}/alef_")).unwrap();
+                                    assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_reverse() {
+        let target = "target/ed-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::File;
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"f\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"a\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"b\n" } else { b"e\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"c\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"d\n" } else { b"c\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"b\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"e\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"f\n" } else { b"a\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff_w(&alef, &bet, &format!("{target}/alefr")).unwrap();
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/abr.ed"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alefr")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/betr")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                #[cfg(not(windows))] // there's no ed on windows
+                                {
+                                    use std::process::Command;
+                                    let output = Command::new("ed")
+                                        .arg(format!("{target}/alefr"))
+                                        .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/abr.ed")).unwrap())
+                                        .output()
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                    let alef = std::fs::read(format!("{target}/alefr")).unwrap();
+                                    assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_stop_early() {
+        let from = ["a", "b", "c", ""].join("\n");
+        let to = ["a", "d", "c", ""].join("\n");
+
+        let diff_full = diff(from.as_bytes(), to.as_bytes(), &Params::default()).unwrap();
+        let expected_full = ["2c", "d", ".", ""].join("\n");
+        assert_eq!(diff_full, expected_full.as_bytes());
+
+        let diff_brief = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            to.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                brief: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let expected_brief = "\0".as_bytes();
+        assert_eq!(diff_brief, expected_brief);
+
+        let nodiff_full = diff(from.as_bytes(), from.as_bytes(), &Params::default()).unwrap();
+        assert!(nodiff_full.is_empty());
+
+        let nodiff_brief = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                brief: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert!(nodiff_brief.is_empty());
+    }
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,782 +1,13 @@
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
-use std::io::Write;
+pub mod context_diff;
+pub mod ed_diff;
+pub mod macros;
+pub mod normal_diff;
+pub mod params;
+pub mod unified_diff;
+pub mod utils;
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum DiffLine {
-    Context(Vec<u8>),
-    Expected(Vec<u8>),
-    Actual(Vec<u8>),
-    MissingNL,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-struct Mismatch {
-    pub line_number_expected: u32,
-    pub line_number_actual: u32,
-    pub lines: Vec<DiffLine>,
-}
-
-impl Mismatch {
-    fn new(line_number_expected: u32, line_number_actual: u32) -> Mismatch {
-        Mismatch {
-            line_number_expected,
-            line_number_actual,
-            lines: Vec::new(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Produces a diff between the expected output and actual output.
-fn make_diff(expected: &[u8], actual: &[u8], context_size: usize) -> Vec<Mismatch> {
-    let mut line_number_expected = 1;
-    let mut line_number_actual = 1;
-    let mut context_queue: VecDeque<&[u8]> = VecDeque::with_capacity(context_size);
-    let mut lines_since_mismatch = context_size + 1;
-    let mut results = Vec::new();
-    let mut mismatch = Mismatch::new(0, 0);
-
-    let mut expected_lines: Vec<&[u8]> = expected.split(|&c| c == b'\n').collect();
-    let mut actual_lines: Vec<&[u8]> = actual.split(|&c| c == b'\n').collect();
-
-    debug_assert_eq!(b"".split(|&c| c == b'\n').count(), 1);
-    // ^ means that underflow here is impossible
-    let expected_lines_count = expected_lines.len() as u32 - 1;
-    let actual_lines_count = actual_lines.len() as u32 - 1;
-
-    if expected_lines.last() == Some(&&b""[..]) {
-        expected_lines.pop();
-    }
-
-    if actual_lines.last() == Some(&&b""[..]) {
-        actual_lines.pop();
-    }
-
-    for result in diff::slice(&expected_lines, &actual_lines) {
-        match result {
-            diff::Result::Left(str) => {
-                if lines_since_mismatch >= context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
-                    results.push(mismatch);
-                    mismatch = Mismatch::new(
-                        line_number_expected - context_queue.len() as u32,
-                        line_number_actual - context_queue.len() as u32,
-                    );
-                }
-
-                while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
-                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
-                }
-
-                if mismatch.lines.last() == Some(&DiffLine::MissingNL) {
-                    mismatch.lines.pop();
-                    match mismatch.lines.pop() {
-                        Some(DiffLine::Actual(res)) => {
-                            // We have to make sure that Actual (the + lines)
-                            // always come after Expected (the - lines)
-                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(str.to_vec()));
-                            if line_number_expected > expected_lines_count {
-                                mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL)
-                            }
-                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(res));
-                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
-                        }
-                        _ => unreachable!("unterminated Left and Common lines shouldn't be followed by more Left lines"),
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(str.to_vec()));
-                    if line_number_expected > expected_lines_count {
-                        mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL)
-                    }
-                }
-                line_number_expected += 1;
-                lines_since_mismatch = 0;
-            }
-            diff::Result::Right(str) => {
-                if lines_since_mismatch >= context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
-                    results.push(mismatch);
-                    mismatch = Mismatch::new(
-                        line_number_expected - context_queue.len() as u32,
-                        line_number_actual - context_queue.len() as u32,
-                    );
-                }
-
-                while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
-                    debug_assert!(mismatch.lines.last() != Some(&DiffLine::MissingNL));
-                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
-                }
-
-                mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(str.to_vec()));
-                if line_number_actual > actual_lines_count {
-                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL)
-                }
-                line_number_actual += 1;
-                lines_since_mismatch = 0;
-            }
-            diff::Result::Both(str, _) => {
-                // if one of them is missing a newline and the other isn't, then they don't actually match
-                if (line_number_actual > actual_lines_count)
-                    && (line_number_expected > expected_lines_count)
-                {
-                    if context_queue.len() < context_size {
-                        while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
-                            debug_assert!(mismatch.lines.last() != Some(&DiffLine::MissingNL));
-                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
-                        }
-                        if lines_since_mismatch < context_size {
-                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(str.to_vec()));
-                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    lines_since_mismatch = 0;
-                } else if line_number_actual > actual_lines_count {
-                    if lines_since_mismatch >= context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
-                        results.push(mismatch);
-                        mismatch = Mismatch::new(
-                            line_number_expected - context_queue.len() as u32,
-                            line_number_actual - context_queue.len() as u32,
-                        );
-                    }
-                    while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
-                        debug_assert!(mismatch.lines.last() != Some(&DiffLine::MissingNL));
-                        mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
-                    }
-                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(str.to_vec()));
-                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(str.to_vec()));
-                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
-                    lines_since_mismatch = 0;
-                } else if line_number_expected > expected_lines_count {
-                    if lines_since_mismatch >= context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
-                        results.push(mismatch);
-                        mismatch = Mismatch::new(
-                            line_number_expected - context_queue.len() as u32,
-                            line_number_actual - context_queue.len() as u32,
-                        );
-                    }
-                    while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
-                        debug_assert!(mismatch.lines.last() != Some(&DiffLine::MissingNL));
-                        mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
-                    }
-                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(str.to_vec()));
-                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
-                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(str.to_vec()));
-                    lines_since_mismatch = 0;
-                } else {
-                    debug_assert!(context_queue.len() <= context_size);
-                    if context_queue.len() >= context_size {
-                        let _ = context_queue.pop_front();
-                    }
-                    if lines_since_mismatch < context_size {
-                        mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(str.to_vec()));
-                    } else if context_size > 0 {
-                        context_queue.push_back(str);
-                    }
-                    lines_since_mismatch += 1;
-                }
-                line_number_expected += 1;
-                line_number_actual += 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    results.push(mismatch);
-    results.remove(0);
-
-    if results.len() == 0 && expected_lines_count != actual_lines_count {
-        let mut mismatch = Mismatch::new(expected_lines.len() as u32, actual_lines.len() as u32);
-        // empty diff and only expected lines has a missing line at end
-        if expected_lines_count != expected_lines.len() as u32 {
-            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(
-                expected_lines
-                    .pop()
-                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
-                    .to_vec(),
-            ));
-            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
-            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(
-                actual_lines
-                    .pop()
-                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
-                    .to_vec(),
-            ));
-            results.push(mismatch);
-        } else if actual_lines_count != actual_lines.len() as u32 {
-            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(
-                expected_lines
-                    .pop()
-                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
-                    .to_vec(),
-            ));
-            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(
-                actual_lines
-                    .pop()
-                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
-                    .to_vec(),
-            ));
-            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
-            results.push(mismatch);
-        }
-    }
-
-    results
-}
-
-pub fn diff(
-    expected: &[u8],
-    expected_filename: &str,
-    actual: &[u8],
-    actual_filename: &str,
-    context_size: usize,
-) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let mut output =
-        format!("--- {}\t\n+++ {}\t\n", expected_filename, actual_filename).into_bytes();
-    let diff_results = make_diff(expected, actual, context_size);
-    if diff_results.len() == 0 {
-        return Vec::new();
-    };
-    for result in diff_results {
-        let mut line_number_expected = result.line_number_expected;
-        let mut line_number_actual = result.line_number_actual;
-        let mut expected_count = 0;
-        let mut actual_count = 0;
-        for line in &result.lines {
-            match line {
-                DiffLine::Expected(_) => {
-                    expected_count += 1;
-                }
-                DiffLine::Context(_) => {
-                    expected_count += 1;
-                    actual_count += 1;
-                }
-                DiffLine::Actual(_) => {
-                    actual_count += 1;
-                }
-                DiffLine::MissingNL => {}
-            }
-        }
-        // Let's imagine this diff file
-        //
-        // --- a/something
-        // +++ b/something
-        // @@ -2,0 +3,1 @@
-        // + x
-        //
-        // In the unified diff format as implemented by GNU diff and patch,
-        // this is an instruction to insert the x *after* the preexisting line 2,
-        // not before. You can demonstrate it this way:
-        //
-        // $ echo -ne '--- a/something\t\n+++ b/something\t\n@@ -2,0 +3,1 @@\n+ x\n' > diff
-        // $ echo -ne 'a\nb\nc\nd\n' > something
-        // $ patch -p1 < diff
-        // patching file something
-        // $ cat something
-        // a
-        // b
-        //  x
-        // c
-        // d
-        //
-        // Notice how the x winds up at line 3, not line 2. This requires contortions to
-        // work with our diffing algorithm, which keeps track of the "intended destination line",
-        // not a line that things are supposed to be placed after. It's changing the first number,
-        // not the second, that actually affects where the x goes.
-        //
-        // # change the first number from 2 to 3, and now the x is on line 4 (it's placed after line 3)
-        // $ echo -ne '--- a/something\t\n+++ b/something\t\n@@ -3,0 +3,1 @@\n+ x\n' > diff
-        // $ echo -ne 'a\nb\nc\nd\n' > something
-        // $ patch -p1 < diff
-        // patching file something
-        // $ cat something
-        // a
-        // b
-        // c
-        //  x
-        // d
-        // # change the third number from 3 to 1000, and it's obvious that it's the first number that's
-        // # actually being read
-        // $ echo -ne '--- a/something\t\n+++ b/something\t\n@@ -2,0 +1000,1 @@\n+ x\n' > diff
-        // $ echo -ne 'a\nb\nc\nd\n' > something
-        // $ patch -p1 < diff
-        // patching file something
-        // $ cat something
-        // a
-        // b
-        //  x
-        // c
-        // d
-        //
-        // Now watch what happens if I add a context line:
-        //
-        // $ echo -ne '--- a/something\t\n+++ b/something\t\n@@ -2,1 +3,2 @@\n+ x\n c\n' > diff
-        // $ echo -ne 'a\nb\nc\nd\n' > something
-        // $ patch -p1 < diff
-        // patching file something
-        // Hunk #1 succeeded at 3 (offset 1 line).
-        //
-        // It technically "succeeded", but this is a warning. We want to produce clean diffs.
-        // Now that I have a context line, I'm supposed to say what line it's actually on, which is the
-        // line that the x will wind up on, and not the line immediately before.
-        //
-        // $ echo -ne '--- a/something\t\n+++ b/something\t\n@@ -3,1 +3,2 @@\n+ x\n c\n' > diff
-        // $ echo -ne 'a\nb\nc\nd\n' > something
-        // $ patch -p1 < diff
-        // patching file something
-        // $ cat something
-        // a
-        // b
-        //  x
-        // c
-        // d
-        //
-        // I made this comment because this stuff is not obvious from GNU's
-        // documentation on the format at all.
-        if expected_count == 0 {
-            line_number_expected -= 1
-        }
-        if actual_count == 0 {
-            line_number_actual -= 1
-        }
-        let exp_ct = if expected_count == 1 {
-            String::new()
-        } else {
-            format!(",{}", expected_count)
-        };
-        let act_ct = if actual_count == 1 {
-            String::new()
-        } else {
-            format!(",{}", actual_count)
-        };
-        writeln!(
-            output,
-            "@@ -{}{} +{}{} @@",
-            line_number_expected, exp_ct, line_number_actual, act_ct
-        )
-        .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
-        for line in result.lines {
-            match line {
-                DiffLine::Expected(e) => {
-                    write!(output, "-").expect("write to Vec is infallible");
-                    output.write_all(&e).expect("write to Vec is infallible");
-                    writeln!(output).unwrap();
-                }
-                DiffLine::Context(c) => {
-                    write!(output, " ").expect("write to Vec is infallible");
-                    output.write_all(&c).expect("write to Vec is infallible");
-                    writeln!(output).unwrap();
-                }
-                DiffLine::Actual(r) => {
-                    write!(output, "+",).expect("write to Vec is infallible");
-                    output.write_all(&r).expect("write to Vec is infallible");
-                    writeln!(output).unwrap();
-                }
-                DiffLine::MissingNL => {
-                    writeln!(output, r"\ No newline at end of file")
-                        .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    output
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_permutations() {
-    // test all possible six-line files.
-    for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
-        for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
-            for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                    for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                        for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                            use std::fs::{self, File};
-                            use std::io::Write;
-                            use std::process::Command;
-                            let mut alef = Vec::new();
-                            let mut bet = Vec::new();
-                            alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"b\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if a != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if b != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"f\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if c != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"h\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if d != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"j\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if e != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"l\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if f != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
-                            // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
-                            let diff = diff(&alef, "a/alef", &bet, "target/alef", 2);
-                            File::create("target/ab.diff")
-                                .unwrap()
-                                .write_all(&diff)
-                                .unwrap();
-                            let mut fa = File::create("target/alef").unwrap();
-                            fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
-                            let mut fb = File::create("target/bet").unwrap();
-                            fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
-                            let _ = fa;
-                            let _ = fb;
-                            let output = Command::new("patch")
-                                .arg("-p0")
-                                .stdin(File::open("target/ab.diff").unwrap())
-                                .output()
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if !output.status.success() {
-                                panic!("{:?}", output);
-                            }
-                            //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
-                            //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
-                            let alef = fs::read("target/alef").unwrap();
-                            assert_eq!(alef, bet);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_permutations_missing_line_ending() {
-    // test all possible six-line files with missing newlines.
-    for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
-        for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
-            for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                    for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                        for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                            for &g in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                                use std::fs::{self, File};
-                                use std::io::Write;
-                                use std::process::Command;
-                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
-                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
-                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"b\n" })
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                if a != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                if b != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"f\n" })
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                if c != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"h\n" })
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                if d != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"j\n" })
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                if e != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"l\n" })
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                if f != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                match g {
-                                    0 => {
-                                        alef.pop();
-                                    }
-                                    1 => {
-                                        bet.pop();
-                                    }
-                                    2 => {
-                                        alef.pop();
-                                        bet.pop();
-                                    }
-                                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                                }
-                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
-                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
-                                let diff = diff(&alef, "a/alefn", &bet, "target/alefn", 2);
-                                File::create("target/abn.diff")
-                                    .unwrap()
-                                    .write_all(&diff)
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                let mut fa = File::create("target/alefn").unwrap();
-                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
-                                let mut fb = File::create("target/betn").unwrap();
-                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
-                                let _ = fa;
-                                let _ = fb;
-                                let output = Command::new("patch")
-                                    .arg("-p0")
-                                    .stdin(File::open("target/abn.diff").unwrap())
-                                    .output()
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                if !output.status.success() {
-                                    panic!("{:?}", output);
-                                }
-                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
-                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
-                                let alef = fs::read("target/alefn").unwrap();
-                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_permutations_empty_lines() {
-    // test all possible six-line files with missing newlines.
-    for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
-        for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
-            for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                    for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                        for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                            for &g in &[0, 1, 2, 3] {
-                                use std::fs::{self, File};
-                                use std::io::Write;
-                                use std::process::Command;
-                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
-                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
-                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"b\n" }).unwrap();
-                                if a != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"d\n" }).unwrap();
-                                if b != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"f\n" }).unwrap();
-                                if c != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"h\n" }).unwrap();
-                                if d != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"j\n" }).unwrap();
-                                if e != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"l\n" }).unwrap();
-                                if f != 2 {
-                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
-                                }
-                                match g {
-                                    0 => {
-                                        alef.pop();
-                                    }
-                                    1 => {
-                                        bet.pop();
-                                    }
-                                    2 => {
-                                        alef.pop();
-                                        bet.pop();
-                                    }
-                                    3 => {}
-                                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                                }
-                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
-                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
-                                let diff = diff(&alef, "a/alef_", &bet, "target/alef_", 2);
-                                File::create("target/ab_.diff")
-                                    .unwrap()
-                                    .write_all(&diff)
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                let mut fa = File::create("target/alef_").unwrap();
-                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
-                                let mut fb = File::create("target/bet_").unwrap();
-                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
-                                let _ = fa;
-                                let _ = fb;
-                                let output = Command::new("patch")
-                                    .arg("-p0")
-                                    .stdin(File::open("target/ab_.diff").unwrap())
-                                    .output()
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                if !output.status.success() {
-                                    panic!("{:?}", output);
-                                }
-                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
-                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
-                                let alef = fs::read("target/alef_").unwrap();
-                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_permutations_missing_lines() {
-    // test all possible six-line files.
-    for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
-        for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
-            for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                    for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                        for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                            use std::fs::{self, File};
-                            use std::io::Write;
-                            use std::process::Command;
-                            let mut alef = Vec::new();
-                            let mut bet = Vec::new();
-                            alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
-                            if a != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
-                            if b != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
-                            if c != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
-                            if d != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
-                            if e != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
-                            if f != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
-                            // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
-                            let diff = diff(&alef, "a/alefx", &bet, "target/alefx", 2);
-                            File::create("target/abx.diff")
-                                .unwrap()
-                                .write_all(&diff)
-                                .unwrap();
-                            let mut fa = File::create("target/alefx").unwrap();
-                            fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
-                            let mut fb = File::create("target/betx").unwrap();
-                            fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
-                            let _ = fa;
-                            let _ = fb;
-                            let output = Command::new("patch")
-                                .arg("-p0")
-                                .stdin(File::open("target/abx.diff").unwrap())
-                                .output()
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if !output.status.success() {
-                                panic!("{:?}", output);
-                            }
-                            //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
-                            //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
-                            let alef = fs::read("target/alefx").unwrap();
-                            assert_eq!(alef, bet);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_permutations_reverse() {
-    // test all possible six-line files.
-    for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
-        for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
-            for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                    for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                        for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
-                            use std::fs::{self, File};
-                            use std::io::Write;
-                            use std::process::Command;
-                            let mut alef = Vec::new();
-                            let mut bet = Vec::new();
-                            alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"f\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if a != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"a\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"b\n" } else { b"e\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if b != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if c != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"c\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"d\n" } else { b"c\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if d != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"b\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if e != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"e\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"f\n" } else { b"a\n" })
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if f != 2 {
-                                bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
-                            }
-                            // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
-                            // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
-                            let diff = diff(&alef, "a/alefr", &bet, "target/alefr", 2);
-                            File::create("target/abr.diff")
-                                .unwrap()
-                                .write_all(&diff)
-                                .unwrap();
-                            let mut fa = File::create("target/alefr").unwrap();
-                            fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
-                            let mut fb = File::create("target/betr").unwrap();
-                            fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
-                            let _ = fa;
-                            let _ = fb;
-                            let output = Command::new("patch")
-                                .arg("-p0")
-                                .stdin(File::open("target/abr.diff").unwrap())
-                                .output()
-                                .unwrap();
-                            if !output.status.success() {
-                                panic!("{:?}", output);
-                            }
-                            //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
-                            //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
-                            let alef = fs::read("target/alefr").unwrap();
-                            assert_eq!(alef, bet);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
+// Re-export the public functions/types you need
+pub use context_diff::diff as context_diff;
+pub use ed_diff::diff as ed_diff;
+pub use normal_diff::diff as normal_diff;
+pub use unified_diff::diff as unified_diff;

src/macros.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// asserts equality of the actual diff and expected diff
+// considering datetime varitations
+//
+// It replaces the modification time in the actual diff
+// with placeholder "TIMESTAMP" and then asserts the equality
+//
+// For eg.
+// let brief = "*** fruits_old.txt\t2024-03-24 23:43:05.189597645 +0530\n
+//              --- fruits_new.txt\t2024-03-24 23:35:08.922581904 +0530\n";
+//
+// replaced = "*** fruits_old.txt\tTIMESTAMP\n
+//             --- fruits_new.txt\tTIMESTAMP\n";
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! assert_diff_eq {
+    ($actual:expr, $expected:expr) => {{
+        use regex::Regex;
+        use std::str;
+
+        let diff = str::from_utf8(&$actual).unwrap();
+        let re = Regex::new(r"\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}\.\d+ [+-]\d{4}").unwrap();
+        let actual = re.replacen(diff, 2, "TIMESTAMP");
+
+        assert_eq!(actual, $expected);
+    }};
+}

src/main.rs

@@ -1,55 +1,121 @@
-// Sample program. Do not use.
+// This file is part of the uutils diffutils package.
+//
+// For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE-*
+// files that was distributed with this source code.
+
+use crate::params::{parse_params, Format};
+use regex::Regex;
 use std::env;
+use std::ffi::OsString;
 use std::fs;
-use std::io::{self, Write};
-use std::process;
-fn main() {
-    let mut o = env::args_os();
-    // parse CLI
-    let exe = match o.next() {
-        Some(from) => from,
-        None => {
-            eprintln!("Usage: [exe] [from] [to]");
-            process::exit(1);
-        }
-    };
-    let from = match o.next() {
-        Some(from) => from,
-        None => {
-            eprintln!("Usage: {} [from] [to]", exe.to_string_lossy());
-            process::exit(1);
-        }
-    };
-    let to = match o.next() {
-        Some(from) => from,
-        None => {
-            eprintln!("Usage: {} [from] [to]", exe.to_string_lossy());
-            process::exit(1);
+use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
+use std::process::{exit, ExitCode};
+
+mod context_diff;
+mod ed_diff;
+mod macros;
+mod normal_diff;
+mod params;
+mod unified_diff;
+mod utils;
+
+fn report_failure_to_read_input_file(
+    executable: &OsString,
+    filepath: &OsString,
+    error: &std::io::Error,
+) {
+    // std::io::Error's display trait outputs "{detail} (os error {code})"
+    // but we want only the {detail} (error string) part
+    let error_code_re = Regex::new(r"\ \(os\ error\ \d+\)$").unwrap();
+    eprintln!(
+        "{}: {}: {}",
+        executable.to_string_lossy(),
+        filepath.to_string_lossy(),
+        error_code_re.replace(error.to_string().as_str(), ""),
+    );
+}
+
+// Exit codes are documented at
+// https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/manual/html_node/Invoking-diff.html.
+//     An exit status of 0 means no differences were found,
+//     1 means some differences were found,
+//     and 2 means trouble.
+fn main() -> ExitCode {
+    let opts = env::args_os();
+    let params = parse_params(opts).unwrap_or_else(|error| {
+        eprintln!("{error}");
+        exit(2);
+    });
+    // if from and to are the same file, no need to perform any comparison
+    let maybe_report_identical_files = || {
+        if params.report_identical_files {
+            println!(
+                "Files {} and {} are identical",
+                params.from.to_string_lossy(),
+                params.to.to_string_lossy(),
+            );
         }
     };
+    if params.from == "-" && params.to == "-"
+        || same_file::is_same_file(&params.from, &params.to).unwrap_or(false)
+    {
+        maybe_report_identical_files();
+        return ExitCode::SUCCESS;
+    }
+
     // read files
-    let from_content = match fs::read(&from) {
+    fn read_file_contents(filepath: &OsString) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        if filepath == "-" {
+            let mut content = Vec::new();
+            io::stdin().read_to_end(&mut content).and(Ok(content))
+        } else {
+            fs::read(filepath)
+        }
+    }
+    let mut io_error = false;
+    let from_content = match read_file_contents(&params.from) {
         Ok(from_content) => from_content,
         Err(e) => {
-            eprintln!("Failed to read from-file: {}", e);
-            process::exit(2);
+            report_failure_to_read_input_file(&params.executable, &params.from, &e);
+            io_error = true;
+            vec![]
         }
     };
-    let to_content = match fs::read(&to) {
+    let to_content = match read_file_contents(&params.to) {
         Ok(to_content) => to_content,
         Err(e) => {
-            eprintln!("Failed to read to-file: {}", e);
-            process::exit(2);
+            report_failure_to_read_input_file(&params.executable, &params.to, &e);
+            io_error = true;
+            vec![]
         }
     };
+    if io_error {
+        return ExitCode::from(2);
+    }
+
     // run diff
-    io::stdout()
-        .write_all(&unified_diff::diff(
-            &from_content,
-            &from.to_string_lossy(),
-            &to_content,
-            &to.to_string_lossy(),
-            1,
-        ))
-        .unwrap();
+    let result: Vec<u8> = match params.format {
+        Format::Normal => normal_diff::diff(&from_content, &to_content, &params),
+        Format::Unified => unified_diff::diff(&from_content, &to_content, &params),
+        Format::Context => context_diff::diff(&from_content, &to_content, &params),
+        Format::Ed => ed_diff::diff(&from_content, &to_content, &params).unwrap_or_else(|error| {
+            eprintln!("{error}");
+            exit(2);
+        }),
+    };
+    if params.brief && !result.is_empty() {
+        println!(
+            "Files {} and {} differ",
+            params.from.to_string_lossy(),
+            params.to.to_string_lossy()
+        );
+    } else {
+        io::stdout().write_all(&result).unwrap();
+    }
+    if result.is_empty() {
+        maybe_report_identical_files();
+        ExitCode::SUCCESS
+    } else {
+        ExitCode::from(1)
+    }
 }

src/normal_diff.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+// This file is part of the uutils diffutils package.
+//
+// For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE-*
+// files that was distributed with this source code.
+
+use std::io::Write;
+
+use crate::params::Params;
+use crate::utils::do_write_line;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct Mismatch {
+    pub line_number_expected: usize,
+    pub line_number_actual: usize,
+    pub expected: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
+    pub actual: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
+    pub expected_missing_nl: bool,
+    pub actual_missing_nl: bool,
+}
+
+impl Mismatch {
+    fn new(line_number_expected: usize, line_number_actual: usize) -> Mismatch {
+        Mismatch {
+            line_number_expected,
+            line_number_actual,
+            expected: Vec::new(),
+            actual: Vec::new(),
+            expected_missing_nl: false,
+            actual_missing_nl: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Produces a diff between the expected output and actual output.
+fn make_diff(expected: &[u8], actual: &[u8], stop_early: bool) -> Vec<Mismatch> {
+    let mut line_number_expected = 1;
+    let mut line_number_actual = 1;
+    let mut results = Vec::new();
+    let mut mismatch = Mismatch::new(line_number_expected, line_number_actual);
+
+    let mut expected_lines: Vec<&[u8]> = expected.split(|&c| c == b'\n').collect();
+    let mut actual_lines: Vec<&[u8]> = actual.split(|&c| c == b'\n').collect();
+
+    debug_assert_eq!(b"".split(|&c| c == b'\n').count(), 1);
+    // ^ means that underflow here is impossible
+    let expected_lines_count = expected_lines.len() - 1;
+    let actual_lines_count = actual_lines.len() - 1;
+
+    if expected_lines.last() == Some(&&b""[..]) {
+        expected_lines.pop();
+    }
+
+    if actual_lines.last() == Some(&&b""[..]) {
+        actual_lines.pop();
+    }
+
+    for result in diff::slice(&expected_lines, &actual_lines) {
+        match result {
+            diff::Result::Left(str) => {
+                if !mismatch.actual.is_empty() && !mismatch.actual_missing_nl {
+                    results.push(mismatch);
+                    mismatch = Mismatch::new(line_number_expected, line_number_actual);
+                }
+                mismatch.expected.push(str.to_vec());
+                mismatch.expected_missing_nl = line_number_expected > expected_lines_count;
+                line_number_expected += 1;
+            }
+            diff::Result::Right(str) => {
+                mismatch.actual.push(str.to_vec());
+                mismatch.actual_missing_nl = line_number_actual > actual_lines_count;
+                line_number_actual += 1;
+            }
+            diff::Result::Both(str, _) => {
+                match (
+                    line_number_expected > expected_lines_count,
+                    line_number_actual > actual_lines_count,
+                ) {
+                    (true, false) => {
+                        line_number_expected += 1;
+                        line_number_actual += 1;
+                        mismatch.expected.push(str.to_vec());
+                        mismatch.expected_missing_nl = true;
+                        mismatch.actual.push(str.to_vec());
+                    }
+                    (false, true) => {
+                        line_number_expected += 1;
+                        line_number_actual += 1;
+                        mismatch.actual.push(str.to_vec());
+                        mismatch.actual_missing_nl = true;
+                        mismatch.expected.push(str.to_vec());
+                    }
+                    (true, true) | (false, false) => {
+                        line_number_expected += 1;
+                        line_number_actual += 1;
+                        if !mismatch.actual.is_empty() || !mismatch.expected.is_empty() {
+                            results.push(mismatch);
+                            mismatch = Mismatch::new(line_number_expected, line_number_actual);
+                        } else {
+                            mismatch.line_number_expected = line_number_expected;
+                            mismatch.line_number_actual = line_number_actual;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if stop_early && !results.is_empty() {
+            // Optimization: stop analyzing the files as soon as there are any differences
+            return results;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if !mismatch.actual.is_empty() || !mismatch.expected.is_empty() {
+        results.push(mismatch);
+    }
+
+    results
+}
+
+#[must_use]
+pub fn diff(expected: &[u8], actual: &[u8], params: &Params) -> Vec<u8> {
+    // See https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/manual/html_node/Detailed-Normal.html
+    // for details on the syntax of the normal format.
+    let mut output = Vec::new();
+    let diff_results = make_diff(expected, actual, params.brief);
+    if params.brief && !diff_results.is_empty() {
+        write!(&mut output, "\0").unwrap();
+        return output;
+    }
+    for result in diff_results {
+        let line_number_expected = result.line_number_expected;
+        let line_number_actual = result.line_number_actual;
+        let expected_count = result.expected.len();
+        let actual_count = result.actual.len();
+        match (expected_count, actual_count) {
+            (0, 0) => unreachable!(),
+            (0, _) => writeln!(
+                // 'a' stands for "Add lines"
+                &mut output,
+                "{}a{},{}",
+                line_number_expected - 1,
+                line_number_actual,
+                line_number_actual + actual_count - 1
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            (_, 0) => writeln!(
+                // 'd' stands for "Delete lines"
+                &mut output,
+                "{},{}d{}",
+                line_number_expected,
+                expected_count + line_number_expected - 1,
+                line_number_actual - 1
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            (1, 1) => writeln!(
+                // 'c' stands for "Change lines"
+                // exactly one line replaced by one line
+                &mut output,
+                "{line_number_expected}c{line_number_actual}"
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            (1, _) => writeln!(
+                // one line replaced by multiple lines
+                &mut output,
+                "{}c{},{}",
+                line_number_expected,
+                line_number_actual,
+                actual_count + line_number_actual - 1
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            (_, 1) => writeln!(
+                // multiple lines replaced by one line
+                &mut output,
+                "{},{}c{}",
+                line_number_expected,
+                expected_count + line_number_expected - 1,
+                line_number_actual
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            _ => writeln!(
+                // general case: multiple lines replaced by multiple lines
+                &mut output,
+                "{},{}c{},{}",
+                line_number_expected,
+                expected_count + line_number_expected - 1,
+                line_number_actual,
+                actual_count + line_number_actual - 1
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        }
+        for expected in &result.expected {
+            write!(&mut output, "< ").unwrap();
+            do_write_line(&mut output, expected, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize).unwrap();
+            writeln!(&mut output).unwrap();
+        }
+        if result.expected_missing_nl {
+            writeln!(&mut output, r"\ No newline at end of file").unwrap();
+        }
+        if expected_count != 0 && actual_count != 0 {
+            writeln!(&mut output, "---").unwrap();
+        }
+        for actual in &result.actual {
+            write!(&mut output, "> ").unwrap();
+            do_write_line(&mut output, actual, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize).unwrap();
+            writeln!(&mut output).unwrap();
+        }
+        if result.actual_missing_nl {
+            writeln!(&mut output, r"\ No newline at end of file").unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+    output
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic() {
+        let mut a = Vec::new();
+        a.write_all(b"a\n").unwrap();
+        let mut b = Vec::new();
+        b.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+        let diff = diff(&a, &b, &Params::default());
+        let expected = b"1c1\n< a\n---\n> b\n".to_vec();
+        assert_eq!(diff, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations() {
+        let target = "target/normal-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                use std::process::Command;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"b\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"f\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"h\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"j\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"l\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff(&alef, &bet, &Params::default());
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/ab.diff"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alef")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/bet")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                    .arg("-p0")
+                                    .arg(format!("{target}/alef"))
+                                    .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/ab.diff")).unwrap())
+                                    .output()
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alef")).unwrap();
+                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_missing_line_ending() {
+        let target = "target/normal-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files with missing newlines.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                for &g in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                    use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                    use std::io::Write;
+                                    use std::process::Command;
+                                    let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                    let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                    alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"b\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if a != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if b != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"f\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if c != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"h\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if d != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"j\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if e != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"l\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if f != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    match g {
+                                        0 => {
+                                            alef.pop();
+                                        }
+                                        1 => {
+                                            bet.pop();
+                                        }
+                                        2 => {
+                                            alef.pop();
+                                            bet.pop();
+                                        }
+                                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                                    }
+                                    // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                    // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                    let diff = diff(&alef, &bet, &Params::default());
+                                    File::create(format!("{target}/abn.diff"))
+                                        .unwrap()
+                                        .write_all(&diff)
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alefn")).unwrap();
+                                    fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                    let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/betn")).unwrap();
+                                    fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                    let _ = fa;
+                                    let _ = fb;
+                                    let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                        .arg("-p0")
+                                        .arg("--normal")
+                                        .arg(format!("{target}/alefn"))
+                                        .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/abn.diff")).unwrap())
+                                        .output()
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                    let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alefn")).unwrap();
+                                    assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_empty_lines() {
+        let target = "target/normal-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files with missing newlines.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                use std::process::Command;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"b\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"d\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"f\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"h\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"j\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"l\n" }).unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff(&alef, &bet, &Params::default());
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/ab_.diff"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alef_")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/bet_")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                    .arg("-p0")
+                                    .arg(format!("{target}/alef_"))
+                                    .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/ab_.diff")).unwrap())
+                                    .output()
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alef_")).unwrap();
+                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_reverse() {
+        let target = "target/normal-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                use std::process::Command;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"f\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"a\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"b\n" } else { b"e\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"c\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"d\n" } else { b"c\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"b\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"e\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"f\n" } else { b"a\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff(&alef, &bet, &Params::default());
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/abr.diff"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alefr")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/betr")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                    .arg("-p0")
+                                    .arg(format!("{target}/alefr"))
+                                    .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/abr.diff")).unwrap())
+                                    .output()
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alefr")).unwrap();
+                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_stop_early() {
+        let from = ["a", "b", "c"].join("\n");
+        let to = ["a", "d", "c"].join("\n");
+
+        let diff_full = diff(from.as_bytes(), to.as_bytes(), &Params::default());
+        let expected_full = ["2c2", "< b", "---", "> d", ""].join("\n");
+        assert_eq!(diff_full, expected_full.as_bytes());
+
+        let diff_brief = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            to.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                brief: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        let expected_brief = "\0".as_bytes();
+        assert_eq!(diff_brief, expected_brief);
+
+        let nodiff_full = diff(from.as_bytes(), from.as_bytes(), &Params::default());
+        assert!(nodiff_full.is_empty());
+
+        let nodiff_brief = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                brief: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        assert!(nodiff_brief.is_empty());
+    }
+}

src/params.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,804 @@
+use std::ffi::OsString;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use regex::Regex;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Format {
+    #[default]
+    Normal,
+    Unified,
+    Context,
+    Ed,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Params {
+    pub executable: OsString,
+    pub from: OsString,
+    pub to: OsString,
+    pub format: Format,
+    pub context_count: usize,
+    pub report_identical_files: bool,
+    pub brief: bool,
+    pub expand_tabs: bool,
+    pub tabsize: usize,
+}
+
+impl Default for Params {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            executable: OsString::default(),
+            from: OsString::default(),
+            to: OsString::default(),
+            format: Format::default(),
+            context_count: 3,
+            report_identical_files: false,
+            brief: false,
+            expand_tabs: false,
+            tabsize: 8,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn parse_params<I: IntoIterator<Item = OsString>>(opts: I) -> Result<Params, String> {
+    let mut opts = opts.into_iter().peekable();
+    // parse CLI
+
+    let Some(executable) = opts.next() else {
+        return Err("Usage: <exe> <from> <to>".to_string());
+    };
+    let mut params = Params {
+        executable,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let mut from = None;
+    let mut to = None;
+    let mut format = None;
+    let mut context = None;
+    let tabsize_re = Regex::new(r"^--tabsize=(?<num>\d+)$").unwrap();
+    while let Some(param) = opts.next() {
+        let next_param = opts.peek();
+        if param == "--" {
+            break;
+        }
+        if param == "-" {
+            if from.is_none() {
+                from = Some(param);
+            } else if to.is_none() {
+                to = Some(param);
+            } else {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "Usage: {} <from> <to>",
+                    params.executable.to_string_lossy()
+                ));
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        if param == "-s" || param == "--report-identical-files" {
+            params.report_identical_files = true;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if param == "-q" || param == "--brief" {
+            params.brief = true;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if param == "-t" || param == "--expand-tabs" {
+            params.expand_tabs = true;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if param == "--normal" {
+            if format.is_some() && format != Some(Format::Normal) {
+                return Err("Conflicting output style options".to_string());
+            }
+            format = Some(Format::Normal);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if param == "-e" || param == "--ed" {
+            if format.is_some() && format != Some(Format::Ed) {
+                return Err("Conflicting output style options".to_string());
+            }
+            format = Some(Format::Ed);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if tabsize_re.is_match(param.to_string_lossy().as_ref()) {
+            // Because param matches the regular expression,
+            // it is safe to assume it is valid UTF-8.
+            let param = param.into_string().unwrap();
+            let tabsize_str = tabsize_re
+                .captures(param.as_str())
+                .unwrap()
+                .name("num")
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_str();
+            params.tabsize = match tabsize_str.parse::<usize>() {
+                Ok(num) => num,
+                Err(_) => return Err(format!("invalid tabsize «{tabsize_str}»")),
+            };
+            continue;
+        }
+        match match_context_diff_params(&param, next_param, format) {
+            Ok(DiffStyleMatch {
+                is_match,
+                context_count,
+                next_param_consumed,
+            }) => {
+                if is_match {
+                    format = Some(Format::Context);
+                    if context_count.is_some() {
+                        context = context_count;
+                    }
+                    if next_param_consumed {
+                        opts.next();
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            Err(error) => return Err(error),
+        }
+        match match_unified_diff_params(&param, next_param, format) {
+            Ok(DiffStyleMatch {
+                is_match,
+                context_count,
+                next_param_consumed,
+            }) => {
+                if is_match {
+                    format = Some(Format::Unified);
+                    if context_count.is_some() {
+                        context = context_count;
+                    }
+                    if next_param_consumed {
+                        opts.next();
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            Err(error) => return Err(error),
+        }
+        if param.to_string_lossy().starts_with('-') {
+            return Err(format!("Unknown option: {:?}", param));
+        }
+        if from.is_none() {
+            from = Some(param);
+        } else if to.is_none() {
+            to = Some(param);
+        } else {
+            return Err(format!(
+                "Usage: {} <from> <to>",
+                params.executable.to_string_lossy()
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    params.from = if let Some(from) = from {
+        from
+    } else if let Some(param) = opts.next() {
+        param
+    } else {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "Usage: {} <from> <to>",
+            params.executable.to_string_lossy()
+        ));
+    };
+    params.to = if let Some(to) = to {
+        to
+    } else if let Some(param) = opts.next() {
+        param
+    } else {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "Usage: {} <from> <to>",
+            params.executable.to_string_lossy()
+        ));
+    };
+
+    // diff DIRECTORY FILE => diff DIRECTORY/FILE FILE
+    // diff FILE DIRECTORY => diff FILE DIRECTORY/FILE
+    let mut from_path: PathBuf = PathBuf::from(&params.from);
+    let mut to_path: PathBuf = PathBuf::from(&params.to);
+
+    if from_path.is_dir() && to_path.is_file() {
+        from_path.push(to_path.file_name().unwrap());
+        params.from = from_path.into_os_string();
+    } else if from_path.is_file() && to_path.is_dir() {
+        to_path.push(from_path.file_name().unwrap());
+        params.to = to_path.into_os_string();
+    }
+
+    params.format = format.unwrap_or(Format::default());
+    if let Some(context_count) = context {
+        params.context_count = context_count;
+    }
+    Ok(params)
+}
+
+struct DiffStyleMatch {
+    is_match: bool,
+    context_count: Option<usize>,
+    next_param_consumed: bool,
+}
+
+fn match_context_diff_params(
+    param: &OsString,
+    next_param: Option<&OsString>,
+    format: Option<Format>,
+) -> Result<DiffStyleMatch, String> {
+    const CONTEXT_RE: &str = r"^(-[cC](?<num1>\d*)|--context(=(?<num2>\d*))?|-(?<num3>\d+)c)$";
+    let regex = Regex::new(CONTEXT_RE).unwrap();
+    let is_match = regex.is_match(param.to_string_lossy().as_ref());
+    let mut context_count = None;
+    let mut next_param_consumed = false;
+    if is_match {
+        if format.is_some() && format != Some(Format::Context) {
+            return Err("Conflicting output style options".to_string());
+        }
+        let captures = regex.captures(param.to_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        let num = captures
+            .name("num1")
+            .or(captures.name("num2"))
+            .or(captures.name("num3"));
+        if let Some(numvalue) = num {
+            if !numvalue.as_str().is_empty() {
+                context_count = Some(numvalue.as_str().parse::<usize>().unwrap());
+            }
+        }
+        if param == "-C" && next_param.is_some() {
+            match next_param.unwrap().to_string_lossy().parse::<usize>() {
+                Ok(context_size) => {
+                    context_count = Some(context_size);
+                    next_param_consumed = true;
+                }
+                Err(_) => {
+                    return Err(format!(
+                        "invalid context length '{}'",
+                        next_param.unwrap().to_string_lossy()
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(DiffStyleMatch {
+        is_match,
+        context_count,
+        next_param_consumed,
+    })
+}
+
+fn match_unified_diff_params(
+    param: &OsString,
+    next_param: Option<&OsString>,
+    format: Option<Format>,
+) -> Result<DiffStyleMatch, String> {
+    const UNIFIED_RE: &str = r"^(-[uU](?<num1>\d*)|--unified(=(?<num2>\d*))?|-(?<num3>\d+)u)$";
+    let regex = Regex::new(UNIFIED_RE).unwrap();
+    let is_match = regex.is_match(param.to_string_lossy().as_ref());
+    let mut context_count = None;
+    let mut next_param_consumed = false;
+    if is_match {
+        if format.is_some() && format != Some(Format::Unified) {
+            return Err("Conflicting output style options".to_string());
+        }
+        let captures = regex.captures(param.to_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        let num = captures
+            .name("num1")
+            .or(captures.name("num2"))
+            .or(captures.name("num3"));
+        if let Some(numvalue) = num {
+            if !numvalue.as_str().is_empty() {
+                context_count = Some(numvalue.as_str().parse::<usize>().unwrap());
+            }
+        }
+        if param == "-U" && next_param.is_some() {
+            match next_param.unwrap().to_string_lossy().parse::<usize>() {
+                Ok(context_size) => {
+                    context_count = Some(context_size);
+                    next_param_consumed = true;
+                }
+                Err(_) => {
+                    return Err(format!(
+                        "invalid context length '{}'",
+                        next_param.unwrap().to_string_lossy()
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(DiffStyleMatch {
+        is_match,
+        context_count,
+        next_param_consumed,
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    fn os(s: &str) -> OsString {
+        OsString::from(s)
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn basics() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("foo"), os("bar")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params(
+                [os("diff"), os("--normal"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+            )
+        );
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn basics_ed() {
+        for arg in ["-e", "--ed"] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                Ok(Params {
+                    executable: os("diff"),
+                    from: os("foo"),
+                    to: os("bar"),
+                    format: Format::Ed,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }),
+                parse_params([os("diff"), os(arg), os("foo"), os("bar")].iter().cloned())
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn context_valid() {
+        for args in [vec!["-c"], vec!["--context"], vec!["--context="]] {
+            let mut params = vec!["diff"];
+            params.extend(args);
+            params.extend(["foo", "bar"]);
+            assert_eq!(
+                Ok(Params {
+                    executable: os("diff"),
+                    from: os("foo"),
+                    to: os("bar"),
+                    format: Format::Context,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }),
+                parse_params(params.iter().map(|x| os(x)))
+            );
+        }
+        for args in [
+            vec!["-c42"],
+            vec!["-C42"],
+            vec!["-C", "42"],
+            vec!["--context=42"],
+            vec!["-42c"],
+        ] {
+            let mut params = vec!["diff"];
+            params.extend(args);
+            params.extend(["foo", "bar"]);
+            assert_eq!(
+                Ok(Params {
+                    executable: os("diff"),
+                    from: os("foo"),
+                    to: os("bar"),
+                    format: Format::Context,
+                    context_count: 42,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }),
+                parse_params(params.iter().map(|x| os(x)))
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn context_invalid() {
+        for args in [
+            vec!["-c", "42"],
+            vec!["-c=42"],
+            vec!["-c="],
+            vec!["-C"],
+            vec!["-C=42"],
+            vec!["-C="],
+            vec!["--context42"],
+            vec!["--context", "42"],
+            vec!["-42C"],
+        ] {
+            let mut params = vec!["diff"];
+            params.extend(args);
+            params.extend(["foo", "bar"]);
+            assert!(parse_params(params.iter().map(|x| os(x))).is_err());
+        }
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn unified_valid() {
+        for args in [vec!["-u"], vec!["--unified"], vec!["--unified="]] {
+            let mut params = vec!["diff"];
+            params.extend(args);
+            params.extend(["foo", "bar"]);
+            assert_eq!(
+                Ok(Params {
+                    executable: os("diff"),
+                    from: os("foo"),
+                    to: os("bar"),
+                    format: Format::Unified,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }),
+                parse_params(params.iter().map(|x| os(x)))
+            );
+        }
+        for args in [
+            vec!["-u42"],
+            vec!["-U42"],
+            vec!["-U", "42"],
+            vec!["--unified=42"],
+            vec!["-42u"],
+        ] {
+            let mut params = vec!["diff"];
+            params.extend(args);
+            params.extend(["foo", "bar"]);
+            assert_eq!(
+                Ok(Params {
+                    executable: os("diff"),
+                    from: os("foo"),
+                    to: os("bar"),
+                    format: Format::Unified,
+                    context_count: 42,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }),
+                parse_params(params.iter().map(|x| os(x)))
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn unified_invalid() {
+        for args in [
+            vec!["-u", "42"],
+            vec!["-u=42"],
+            vec!["-u="],
+            vec!["-U"],
+            vec!["-U=42"],
+            vec!["-U="],
+            vec!["--unified42"],
+            vec!["--unified", "42"],
+            vec!["-42U"],
+        ] {
+            let mut params = vec!["diff"];
+            params.extend(args);
+            params.extend(["foo", "bar"]);
+            assert!(parse_params(params.iter().map(|x| os(x))).is_err());
+        }
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn context_count() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                format: Format::Unified,
+                context_count: 54,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params(
+                [os("diff"), os("-u54"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+            )
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                format: Format::Unified,
+                context_count: 54,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params(
+                [os("diff"), os("-U54"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+            )
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                format: Format::Unified,
+                context_count: 54,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params(
+                [os("diff"), os("-U"), os("54"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+            )
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                format: Format::Context,
+                context_count: 54,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params(
+                [os("diff"), os("-c54"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+            )
+        );
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn report_identical_files() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("foo"), os("bar")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                report_identical_files: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("-s"), os("foo"), os("bar")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                report_identical_files: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params(
+                [
+                    os("diff"),
+                    os("--report-identical-files"),
+                    os("foo"),
+                    os("bar"),
+                ]
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+            )
+        );
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn brief() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("foo"), os("bar")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                brief: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("-q"), os("foo"), os("bar")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                brief: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params(
+                [os("diff"), os("--brief"), os("foo"), os("bar"),]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+            )
+        );
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn expand_tabs() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("foo"), os("bar")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+        for option in ["-t", "--expand-tabs"] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                Ok(Params {
+                    executable: os("diff"),
+                    from: os("foo"),
+                    to: os("bar"),
+                    expand_tabs: true,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }),
+                parse_params(
+                    [os("diff"), os(option), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                        .iter()
+                        .cloned()
+                )
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn tabsize() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("foo"), os("bar")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                tabsize: 0,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params(
+                [os("diff"), os("--tabsize=0"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+            )
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                tabsize: 42,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params(
+                [os("diff"), os("--tabsize=42"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(parse_params(
+            [os("diff"), os("--tabsize"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+        )
+        .is_err());
+        assert!(parse_params(
+            [os("diff"), os("--tabsize="), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+        )
+        .is_err());
+        assert!(parse_params(
+            [os("diff"), os("--tabsize=r2"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+        )
+        .is_err());
+        assert!(parse_params(
+            [os("diff"), os("--tabsize=-1"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+        )
+        .is_err());
+        assert!(parse_params(
+            [os("diff"), os("--tabsize=r2"), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+        )
+        .is_err());
+        assert!(parse_params(
+            [
+                os("diff"),
+                os("--tabsize=92233720368547758088"),
+                os("foo"),
+                os("bar")
+            ]
+            .iter()
+            .cloned()
+        )
+        .is_err());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn double_dash() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("-g"),
+                to: os("-h"),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("--"), os("-g"), os("-h")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn default_to_stdin() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("foo"),
+                to: os("-"),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("foo"), os("-")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("-"),
+                to: os("bar"),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("-"), os("bar")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Ok(Params {
+                executable: os("diff"),
+                from: os("-"),
+                to: os("-"),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("-"), os("-")].iter().cloned())
+        );
+        assert!(parse_params([os("diff"), os("foo"), os("bar"), os("-")].iter().cloned()).is_err());
+        assert!(parse_params([os("diff"), os("-"), os("-"), os("-")].iter().cloned()).is_err());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn missing_arguments() {
+        assert!(parse_params([os("diff")].iter().cloned()).is_err());
+        assert!(parse_params([os("diff"), os("foo")].iter().cloned()).is_err());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown_argument() {
+        assert!(
+            parse_params([os("diff"), os("-g"), os("foo"), os("bar")].iter().cloned()).is_err()
+        );
+        assert!(parse_params([os("diff"), os("-g"), os("bar")].iter().cloned()).is_err());
+        assert!(parse_params([os("diff"), os("-g")].iter().cloned()).is_err());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn empty() {
+        assert!(parse_params([].iter().cloned()).is_err());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn conflicting_output_styles() {
+        for (arg1, arg2) in [
+            ("-u", "-c"),
+            ("-u", "-e"),
+            ("-c", "-u"),
+            ("-c", "-U42"),
+            ("-u", "--normal"),
+            ("--normal", "-e"),
+            ("--context", "--normal"),
+        ] {
+            assert!(parse_params(
+                [os("diff"), os(arg1), os(arg2), os("foo"), os("bar")]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+            )
+            .is_err());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/unified_diff.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,945 @@
+// This file is part of the uutils diffutils package.
+//
+// For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE-*
+// files that was distributed with this source code.
+
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::io::Write;
+
+use crate::params::Params;
+use crate::utils::do_write_line;
+use crate::utils::get_modification_time;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum DiffLine {
+    Context(Vec<u8>),
+    Expected(Vec<u8>),
+    Actual(Vec<u8>),
+    MissingNL,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct Mismatch {
+    pub line_number_expected: u32,
+    pub line_number_actual: u32,
+    pub lines: Vec<DiffLine>,
+}
+
+impl Mismatch {
+    fn new(line_number_expected: u32, line_number_actual: u32) -> Mismatch {
+        Mismatch {
+            line_number_expected,
+            line_number_actual,
+            lines: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Produces a diff between the expected output and actual output.
+fn make_diff(
+    expected: &[u8],
+    actual: &[u8],
+    context_size: usize,
+    stop_early: bool,
+) -> Vec<Mismatch> {
+    let mut line_number_expected = 1;
+    let mut line_number_actual = 1;
+    let mut context_queue: VecDeque<&[u8]> = VecDeque::with_capacity(context_size);
+    let mut lines_since_mismatch = context_size + 1;
+    let mut results = Vec::new();
+    let mut mismatch = Mismatch::new(0, 0);
+
+    let mut expected_lines: Vec<&[u8]> = expected.split(|&c| c == b'\n').collect();
+    let mut actual_lines: Vec<&[u8]> = actual.split(|&c| c == b'\n').collect();
+
+    debug_assert_eq!(b"".split(|&c| c == b'\n').count(), 1);
+    // ^ means that underflow here is impossible
+    let expected_lines_count = expected_lines.len() as u32 - 1;
+    let actual_lines_count = actual_lines.len() as u32 - 1;
+
+    if expected_lines.last() == Some(&&b""[..]) {
+        expected_lines.pop();
+    }
+
+    if actual_lines.last() == Some(&&b""[..]) {
+        actual_lines.pop();
+    }
+
+    for result in diff::slice(&expected_lines, &actual_lines) {
+        match result {
+            diff::Result::Left(str) => {
+                if lines_since_mismatch >= context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
+                    results.push(mismatch);
+                    mismatch = Mismatch::new(
+                        line_number_expected - context_queue.len() as u32,
+                        line_number_actual - context_queue.len() as u32,
+                    );
+                }
+
+                while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
+                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                }
+
+                if mismatch.lines.last() == Some(&DiffLine::MissingNL) {
+                    mismatch.lines.pop();
+                    match mismatch.lines.pop() {
+                        Some(DiffLine::Actual(res)) => {
+                            // We have to make sure that Actual (the + lines)
+                            // always come after Expected (the - lines)
+                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(str.to_vec()));
+                            if line_number_expected > expected_lines_count {
+                                mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
+                            }
+                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(res));
+                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
+                        }
+                        _ => unreachable!("unterminated Left and Common lines shouldn't be followed by more Left lines"),
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(str.to_vec()));
+                    if line_number_expected > expected_lines_count {
+                        mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
+                    }
+                }
+                line_number_expected += 1;
+                lines_since_mismatch = 0;
+            }
+            diff::Result::Right(str) => {
+                if lines_since_mismatch >= context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
+                    results.push(mismatch);
+                    mismatch = Mismatch::new(
+                        line_number_expected - context_queue.len() as u32,
+                        line_number_actual - context_queue.len() as u32,
+                    );
+                }
+
+                while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
+                    debug_assert!(mismatch.lines.last() != Some(&DiffLine::MissingNL));
+                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                }
+
+                mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(str.to_vec()));
+                if line_number_actual > actual_lines_count {
+                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
+                }
+                line_number_actual += 1;
+                lines_since_mismatch = 0;
+            }
+            diff::Result::Both(str, _) => {
+                // if one of them is missing a newline and the other isn't, then they don't actually match
+                if (line_number_actual > actual_lines_count)
+                    && (line_number_expected > expected_lines_count)
+                {
+                    if context_queue.len() < context_size {
+                        while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
+                            debug_assert!(mismatch.lines.last() != Some(&DiffLine::MissingNL));
+                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                        }
+                        if lines_since_mismatch < context_size {
+                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(str.to_vec()));
+                            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    lines_since_mismatch = 0;
+                } else if line_number_actual > actual_lines_count {
+                    if lines_since_mismatch >= context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
+                        results.push(mismatch);
+                        mismatch = Mismatch::new(
+                            line_number_expected - context_queue.len() as u32,
+                            line_number_actual - context_queue.len() as u32,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
+                        debug_assert!(mismatch.lines.last() != Some(&DiffLine::MissingNL));
+                        mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                    }
+                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(str.to_vec()));
+                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(str.to_vec()));
+                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
+                    lines_since_mismatch = 0;
+                } else if line_number_expected > expected_lines_count {
+                    if lines_since_mismatch >= context_size && lines_since_mismatch > 0 {
+                        results.push(mismatch);
+                        mismatch = Mismatch::new(
+                            line_number_expected - context_queue.len() as u32,
+                            line_number_actual - context_queue.len() as u32,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    while let Some(line) = context_queue.pop_front() {
+                        debug_assert!(mismatch.lines.last() != Some(&DiffLine::MissingNL));
+                        mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(line.to_vec()));
+                    }
+                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(str.to_vec()));
+                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
+                    mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(str.to_vec()));
+                    lines_since_mismatch = 0;
+                } else {
+                    debug_assert!(context_queue.len() <= context_size);
+                    if context_queue.len() >= context_size {
+                        let _ = context_queue.pop_front();
+                    }
+                    if lines_since_mismatch < context_size {
+                        mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Context(str.to_vec()));
+                    } else if context_size > 0 {
+                        context_queue.push_back(str);
+                    }
+                    lines_since_mismatch += 1;
+                }
+                line_number_expected += 1;
+                line_number_actual += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if stop_early && !results.is_empty() {
+            // Optimization: stop analyzing the files as soon as there are any differences
+            return results;
+        }
+    }
+
+    results.push(mismatch);
+    results.remove(0);
+
+    if results.is_empty() && expected_lines_count != actual_lines_count {
+        let mut mismatch = Mismatch::new(expected_lines.len() as u32, actual_lines.len() as u32);
+        // empty diff and only expected lines has a missing line at end
+        if expected_lines_count != expected_lines.len() as u32 {
+            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(
+                expected_lines
+                    .pop()
+                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
+                    .to_vec(),
+            ));
+            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
+            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(
+                actual_lines
+                    .pop()
+                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
+                    .to_vec(),
+            ));
+            results.push(mismatch);
+        } else if actual_lines_count != actual_lines.len() as u32 {
+            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Expected(
+                expected_lines
+                    .pop()
+                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
+                    .to_vec(),
+            ));
+            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::Actual(
+                actual_lines
+                    .pop()
+                    .expect("can't be empty; produced by split()")
+                    .to_vec(),
+            ));
+            mismatch.lines.push(DiffLine::MissingNL);
+            results.push(mismatch);
+        }
+    }
+
+    results
+}
+
+#[must_use]
+pub fn diff(expected: &[u8], actual: &[u8], params: &Params) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let from_modified_time = get_modification_time(&params.from.to_string_lossy());
+    let to_modified_time = get_modification_time(&params.to.to_string_lossy());
+    let mut output = format!(
+        "--- {0}\t{1}\n+++ {2}\t{3}\n",
+        params.from.to_string_lossy(),
+        from_modified_time,
+        params.to.to_string_lossy(),
+        to_modified_time
+    )
+    .into_bytes();
+    let diff_results = make_diff(expected, actual, params.context_count, params.brief);
+    if diff_results.is_empty() {
+        return Vec::new();
+    }
+    if params.brief {
+        return output;
+    }
+    for result in diff_results {
+        let mut line_number_expected = result.line_number_expected;
+        let mut line_number_actual = result.line_number_actual;
+        let mut expected_count = 0;
+        let mut actual_count = 0;
+        for line in &result.lines {
+            match line {
+                DiffLine::Expected(_) => {
+                    expected_count += 1;
+                }
+                DiffLine::Context(_) => {
+                    expected_count += 1;
+                    actual_count += 1;
+                }
+                DiffLine::Actual(_) => {
+                    actual_count += 1;
+                }
+                DiffLine::MissingNL => {}
+            }
+        }
+        // Let's imagine this diff file
+        //
+        // --- a/something
+        // +++ b/something
+        // @@ -2,0 +3,1 @@
+        // + x
+        //
+        // In the unified diff format as implemented by GNU diff and patch,
+        // this is an instruction to insert the x *after* the preexisting line 2,
+        // not before. You can demonstrate it this way:
+        //
+        // $ echo -ne '--- a/something\t\n+++ b/something\t\n@@ -2,0 +3,1 @@\n+ x\n' > diff
+        // $ echo -ne 'a\nb\nc\nd\n' > something
+        // $ patch -p1 < diff
+        // patching file something
+        // $ cat something
+        // a
+        // b
+        //  x
+        // c
+        // d
+        //
+        // Notice how the x winds up at line 3, not line 2. This requires contortions to
+        // work with our diffing algorithm, which keeps track of the "intended destination line",
+        // not a line that things are supposed to be placed after. It's changing the first number,
+        // not the second, that actually affects where the x goes.
+        //
+        // # change the first number from 2 to 3, and now the x is on line 4 (it's placed after line 3)
+        // $ echo -ne '--- a/something\t\n+++ b/something\t\n@@ -3,0 +3,1 @@\n+ x\n' > diff
+        // $ echo -ne 'a\nb\nc\nd\n' > something
+        // $ patch -p1 < diff
+        // patching file something
+        // $ cat something
+        // a
+        // b
+        // c
+        //  x
+        // d
+        // # change the third number from 3 to 1000, and it's obvious that it's the first number that's
+        // # actually being read
+        // $ echo -ne '--- a/something\t\n+++ b/something\t\n@@ -2,0 +1000,1 @@\n+ x\n' > diff
+        // $ echo -ne 'a\nb\nc\nd\n' > something
+        // $ patch -p1 < diff
+        // patching file something
+        // $ cat something
+        // a
+        // b
+        //  x
+        // c
+        // d
+        //
+        // Now watch what happens if I add a context line:
+        //
+        // $ echo -ne '--- a/something\t\n+++ b/something\t\n@@ -2,1 +3,2 @@\n+ x\n c\n' > diff
+        // $ echo -ne 'a\nb\nc\nd\n' > something
+        // $ patch -p1 < diff
+        // patching file something
+        // Hunk #1 succeeded at 3 (offset 1 line).
+        //
+        // It technically "succeeded", but this is a warning. We want to produce clean diffs.
+        // Now that I have a context line, I'm supposed to say what line it's actually on, which is the
+        // line that the x will wind up on, and not the line immediately before.
+        //
+        // $ echo -ne '--- a/something\t\n+++ b/something\t\n@@ -3,1 +3,2 @@\n+ x\n c\n' > diff
+        // $ echo -ne 'a\nb\nc\nd\n' > something
+        // $ patch -p1 < diff
+        // patching file something
+        // $ cat something
+        // a
+        // b
+        //  x
+        // c
+        // d
+        //
+        // I made this comment because this stuff is not obvious from GNU's
+        // documentation on the format at all.
+        if expected_count == 0 {
+            line_number_expected -= 1;
+        }
+        if actual_count == 0 {
+            line_number_actual -= 1;
+        }
+        let exp_ct = if expected_count == 1 {
+            String::new()
+        } else {
+            format!(",{expected_count}")
+        };
+        let act_ct = if actual_count == 1 {
+            String::new()
+        } else {
+            format!(",{actual_count}")
+        };
+        writeln!(
+            output,
+            "@@ -{line_number_expected}{exp_ct} +{line_number_actual}{act_ct} @@"
+        )
+        .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+        for line in result.lines {
+            match line {
+                DiffLine::Expected(e) => {
+                    write!(output, "-").expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                    do_write_line(&mut output, &e, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize)
+                        .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                    writeln!(output).unwrap();
+                }
+                DiffLine::Context(c) => {
+                    write!(output, " ").expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                    do_write_line(&mut output, &c, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize)
+                        .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                    writeln!(output).unwrap();
+                }
+                DiffLine::Actual(r) => {
+                    write!(output, "+",).expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                    do_write_line(&mut output, &r, params.expand_tabs, params.tabsize)
+                        .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                    writeln!(output).unwrap();
+                }
+                DiffLine::MissingNL => {
+                    writeln!(output, r"\ No newline at end of file")
+                        .expect("write to Vec is infallible");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    output
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations() {
+        let target = "target/unified-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                use std::process::Command;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"b\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"f\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"h\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"j\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"l\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff(
+                                    &alef,
+                                    &bet,
+                                    &Params {
+                                        from: "a/alef".into(),
+                                        to: (&format!("{target}/alef")).into(),
+                                        context_count: 2,
+                                        ..Default::default()
+                                    },
+                                );
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/ab.diff"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alef")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/bet")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                println!(
+                                    "diff: {:?}",
+                                    String::from_utf8(diff.clone())
+                                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| String::from("[Invalid UTF-8]"))
+                                );
+                                println!(
+                                    "alef: {:?}",
+                                    String::from_utf8(alef.clone())
+                                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| String::from("[Invalid UTF-8]"))
+                                );
+                                println!(
+                                    "bet: {:?}",
+                                    String::from_utf8(bet.clone())
+                                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| String::from("[Invalid UTF-8]"))
+                                );
+
+                                let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                    .arg("-p0")
+                                    .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/ab.diff")).unwrap())
+                                    .output()
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alef")).unwrap();
+                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_missing_line_ending() {
+        let target = "target/unified-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files with missing newlines.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                for &g in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                    use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                    use std::io::Write;
+                                    use std::process::Command;
+                                    let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                    let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                    alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"b\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if a != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if b != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"f\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if c != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"h\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if d != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"j\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if e != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"l\n" })
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    if f != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    match g {
+                                        0 => {
+                                            alef.pop();
+                                        }
+                                        1 => {
+                                            bet.pop();
+                                        }
+                                        2 => {
+                                            alef.pop();
+                                            bet.pop();
+                                        }
+                                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                                    }
+                                    // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                    // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                    let diff = diff(
+                                        &alef,
+                                        &bet,
+                                        &Params {
+                                            from: "a/alefn".into(),
+                                            to: (&format!("{target}/alefn")).into(),
+                                            context_count: 2,
+                                            ..Default::default()
+                                        },
+                                    );
+                                    File::create(format!("{target}/abn.diff"))
+                                        .unwrap()
+                                        .write_all(&diff)
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alefn")).unwrap();
+                                    fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                    let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/betn")).unwrap();
+                                    fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                    let _ = fa;
+                                    let _ = fb;
+                                    let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                        .arg("-p0")
+                                        .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/abn.diff")).unwrap())
+                                        .output()
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                    let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alefn")).unwrap();
+                                    assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_empty_lines() {
+        let target = "target/unified-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files with missing newlines.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                for &g in &[0, 1, 2, 3] {
+                                    use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                    use std::io::Write;
+                                    use std::process::Command;
+                                    let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                    let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                    alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"b\n" }).unwrap();
+                                    if a != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"d\n" }).unwrap();
+                                    if b != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"f\n" }).unwrap();
+                                    if c != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"h\n" }).unwrap();
+                                    if d != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"j\n" }).unwrap();
+                                    if e != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"\n" } else { b"l\n" }).unwrap();
+                                    if f != 2 {
+                                        bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                    }
+                                    match g {
+                                        0 => {
+                                            alef.pop();
+                                        }
+                                        1 => {
+                                            bet.pop();
+                                        }
+                                        2 => {
+                                            alef.pop();
+                                            bet.pop();
+                                        }
+                                        3 => {}
+                                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                                    }
+                                    // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                    // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                    let diff = diff(
+                                        &alef,
+                                        &bet,
+                                        &Params {
+                                            from: "a/alef_".into(),
+                                            to: (&format!("{target}/alef_")).into(),
+                                            context_count: 2,
+                                            ..Default::default()
+                                        },
+                                    );
+                                    File::create(format!("{target}/ab_.diff"))
+                                        .unwrap()
+                                        .write_all(&diff)
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alef_")).unwrap();
+                                    fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                    let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/bet_")).unwrap();
+                                    fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                    let _ = fa;
+                                    let _ = fb;
+                                    let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                        .arg("-p0")
+                                        .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/ab_.diff")).unwrap())
+                                        .output()
+                                        .unwrap();
+                                    assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                    //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                    let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alef_")).unwrap();
+                                    assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_missing_lines() {
+        let target = "target/unified-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                use std::process::Command;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"g\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"h\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"i\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"j\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"k\n" } else { b"" }).unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"l\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff(
+                                    &alef,
+                                    &bet,
+                                    &Params {
+                                        from: "a/alefx".into(),
+                                        to: (&format!("{target}/alefx")).into(),
+                                        context_count: 2,
+                                        ..Default::default()
+                                    },
+                                );
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/abx.diff"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alefx")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/betx")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                    .arg("-p0")
+                                    .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/abx.diff")).unwrap())
+                                    .output()
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alefx")).unwrap();
+                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_permutations_reverse() {
+        let target = "target/unified-diff/";
+        // test all possible six-line files.
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir(target);
+        for &a in &[0, 1, 2] {
+            for &b in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                for &c in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                    for &d in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                        for &e in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                            for &f in &[0, 1, 2] {
+                                use std::fs::{self, File};
+                                use std::io::Write;
+                                use std::process::Command;
+                                let mut alef = Vec::new();
+                                let mut bet = Vec::new();
+                                alef.write_all(if a == 0 { b"a\n" } else { b"f\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if a != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"a\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if b == 0 { b"b\n" } else { b"e\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if b != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"b\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if c == 0 { b"c\n" } else { b"d\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if c != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"c\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if d == 0 { b"d\n" } else { b"c\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if d != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"d\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if e == 0 { b"e\n" } else { b"b\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if e != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"e\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                alef.write_all(if f == 0 { b"f\n" } else { b"a\n" })
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                if f != 2 {
+                                    bet.write_all(b"f\n").unwrap();
+                                }
+                                // This test diff is intentionally reversed.
+                                // We want it to turn the alef into bet.
+                                let diff = diff(
+                                    &alef,
+                                    &bet,
+                                    &Params {
+                                        from: "a/alefr".into(),
+                                        to: (&format!("{target}/alefr")).into(),
+                                        context_count: 2,
+                                        ..Default::default()
+                                    },
+                                );
+                                File::create(format!("{target}/abr.diff"))
+                                    .unwrap()
+                                    .write_all(&diff)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let mut fa = File::create(format!("{target}/alefr")).unwrap();
+                                fa.write_all(&alef[..]).unwrap();
+                                let mut fb = File::create(format!("{target}/betr")).unwrap();
+                                fb.write_all(&bet[..]).unwrap();
+                                let _ = fa;
+                                let _ = fb;
+                                let output = Command::new("patch")
+                                    .arg("-p0")
+                                    .stdin(File::open(format!("{target}/abr.diff")).unwrap())
+                                    .output()
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout));
+                                //println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+                                let alef = fs::read(format!("{target}/alefr")).unwrap();
+                                assert_eq!(alef, bet);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_stop_early() {
+        use crate::assert_diff_eq;
+
+        let from_filename = "foo";
+        let from = ["a", "b", "c", ""].join("\n");
+        let to_filename = "bar";
+        let to = ["a", "d", "c", ""].join("\n");
+
+        let diff_full = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            to.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                from: from_filename.into(),
+                to: to_filename.into(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+
+        let expected_full = [
+            "--- foo\tTIMESTAMP",
+            "+++ bar\tTIMESTAMP",
+            "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@",
+            " a",
+            "-b",
+            "+d",
+            " c",
+            "",
+        ]
+        .join("\n");
+        assert_diff_eq!(diff_full, expected_full);
+
+        let diff_brief = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            to.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                from: from_filename.into(),
+                to: to_filename.into(),
+                brief: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+
+        let expected_brief = ["--- foo\tTIMESTAMP", "+++ bar\tTIMESTAMP", ""].join("\n");
+        assert_diff_eq!(diff_brief, expected_brief);
+
+        let nodiff_full = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                from: from_filename.into(),
+                to: to_filename.into(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        assert!(nodiff_full.is_empty());
+
+        let nodiff_brief = diff(
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            from.as_bytes(),
+            &Params {
+                from: from_filename.into(),
+                to: to_filename.into(),
+                brief: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        assert!(nodiff_brief.is_empty());
+    }
+}

src/utils.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// This file is part of the uutils diffutils package.
+//
+// For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE-*
+// files that was distributed with this source code.
+
+use std::io::Write;
+
+use unicode_width::UnicodeWidthStr;
+
+/// Replace tabs by spaces in the input line.
+/// Correctly handle multi-bytes characters.
+/// This assumes that line does not contain any line breaks (if it does, the result is undefined).
+#[must_use]
+pub fn do_expand_tabs(line: &[u8], tabsize: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let tab = b'\t';
+    let ntabs = line.iter().filter(|c| **c == tab).count();
+    if ntabs == 0 {
+        return line.to_vec();
+    }
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(line.len() + ntabs * (tabsize - 1));
+    let mut offset = 0;
+
+    let mut iter = line.split(|c| *c == tab).peekable();
+    while let Some(chunk) = iter.next() {
+        match String::from_utf8(chunk.to_vec()) {
+            Ok(s) => offset += UnicodeWidthStr::width(s.as_str()),
+            Err(_) => offset += chunk.len(),
+        }
+        result.extend_from_slice(chunk);
+        if iter.peek().is_some() {
+            result.resize(result.len() + tabsize - offset % tabsize, b' ');
+            offset = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Write a single line to an output stream, expanding tabs to space if necessary.
+/// This assumes that line does not contain any line breaks
+/// (if it does and tabs are to be expanded to spaces, the result is undefined).
+pub fn do_write_line(
+    output: &mut Vec<u8>,
+    line: &[u8],
+    expand_tabs: bool,
+    tabsize: usize,
+) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    if expand_tabs {
+        output.write_all(do_expand_tabs(line, tabsize).as_slice())
+    } else {
+        output.write_all(line)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Retrieves the modification time of the input file specified by file path
+/// If an error occurs, it returns the current system time
+pub fn get_modification_time(file_path: &str) -> String {
+    use chrono::{DateTime, Local};
+    use std::fs;
+    use std::time::SystemTime;
+
+    let modification_time: SystemTime = fs::metadata(file_path)
+        .and_then(|m| m.modified())
+        .unwrap_or(SystemTime::now());
+
+    let modification_time: DateTime<Local> = modification_time.into();
+    let modification_time: String = modification_time
+        .format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.9f %z")
+        .to_string();
+
+    modification_time
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    mod expand_tabs {
+        use super::*;
+        use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+        fn assert_tab_expansion(line: &str, tabsize: usize, expected: &str) {
+            assert_eq!(
+                do_expand_tabs(line.as_bytes(), tabsize),
+                expected.as_bytes()
+            );
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn basics() {
+            assert_tab_expansion("foo barr   baz", 8, "foo barr   baz");
+            assert_tab_expansion("foo\tbarr\tbaz", 8, "foo     barr    baz");
+            assert_tab_expansion("foo\tbarr\tbaz", 5, "foo  barr baz");
+            assert_tab_expansion("foo\tbarr\tbaz", 2, "foo barr  baz");
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn multibyte_chars() {
+            assert_tab_expansion("foo\tépée\tbaz", 8, "foo     épée    baz");
+            assert_tab_expansion("foo\t😉\tbaz", 5, "foo  😉   baz");
+
+            // Note: The Woman Scientist emoji (👩‍🔬) is a ZWJ sequence combining
+            // the Woman emoji (👩) and the Microscope emoji (🔬). On supported platforms
+            // it is displayed as a single emoji and should have a print size of 2 columns,
+            // but terminal emulators tend to not support this, and display the two emojis
+            // side by side, thus accounting for a print size of 4 columns.
+            assert_tab_expansion("foo\t👩‍🔬\tbaz", 6, "foo   👩‍🔬  baz");
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn invalid_utf8() {
+            // [240, 240, 152, 137] is an invalid UTF-8 sequence, so it is handled as 4 bytes
+            assert_eq!(
+                do_expand_tabs(&[240, 240, 152, 137, 9, 102, 111, 111], 8),
+                &[240, 240, 152, 137, 32, 32, 32, 32, 102, 111, 111]
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    mod write_line {
+        use super::*;
+        use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+        fn assert_line_written(line: &str, expand_tabs: bool, tabsize: usize, expected: &str) {
+            let mut output: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+            assert!(do_write_line(&mut output, line.as_bytes(), expand_tabs, tabsize).is_ok());
+            assert_eq!(output, expected.as_bytes());
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn basics() {
+            assert_line_written("foo bar baz", false, 8, "foo bar baz");
+            assert_line_written("foo bar\tbaz", false, 8, "foo bar\tbaz");
+            assert_line_written("foo bar\tbaz", true, 8, "foo bar baz");
+        }
+    }
+
+    mod modification_time {
+        use super::*;
+
+        #[test]
+        fn set_time() {
+            use chrono::{DateTime, Local};
+            use std::time::SystemTime;
+            use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
+
+            let temp = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+            // set file modification time equal to current time
+            let current = SystemTime::now();
+            let _ = temp.as_file().set_modified(current);
+
+            // format current time
+            let current: DateTime<Local> = current.into();
+            let current: String = current.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.9f %z").to_string();
+
+            // verify
+            assert_eq!(
+                current,
+                get_modification_time(&temp.path().to_string_lossy())
+            );
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn invalid_file() {
+            use chrono::{DateTime, Local};
+            use std::time::SystemTime;
+
+            let invalid_file = "target/utils/invalid-file";
+
+            // store current time before calling `get_modification_time`
+            // Because the file is invalid, it will return SystemTime::now()
+            // which will be greater than previously saved time
+            let current_time: DateTime<Local> = SystemTime::now().into();
+            let m_time: DateTime<Local> = get_modification_time(invalid_file).parse().unwrap();
+
+            assert!(m_time > current_time);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/integration.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+// This file is part of the uutils diffutils package.
+//
+// For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE-*
+// files that was distributed with this source code.
+
+use assert_cmd::cmd::Command;
+use diffutilslib::assert_diff_eq;
+use predicates::prelude::*;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::Write;
+use tempfile::{tempdir, NamedTempFile};
+
+// Integration tests for the diffutils command
+
+#[test]
+fn unknown_param() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+    cmd.arg("--foobar");
+    cmd.assert()
+        .code(predicate::eq(2))
+        .failure()
+        .stderr(predicate::str::starts_with("Unknown option: \"--foobar\""));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn cannot_read_files() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let file = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+
+    let nofile = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    let nopath = nofile.into_temp_path();
+    std::fs::remove_file(&nopath)?;
+
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let error_message = "No such file or directory";
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let error_message = "The system cannot find the file specified.";
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+    cmd.arg(&nopath).arg(file.path());
+    cmd.assert()
+        .code(predicate::eq(2))
+        .failure()
+        .stderr(predicate::str::ends_with(format!(
+            ": {}: {error_message}\n",
+            &nopath.as_os_str().to_string_lossy()
+        )));
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+    cmd.arg(file.path()).arg(&nopath);
+    cmd.assert()
+        .code(predicate::eq(2))
+        .failure()
+        .stderr(predicate::str::ends_with(format!(
+            ": {}: {error_message}\n",
+            &nopath.as_os_str().to_string_lossy()
+        )));
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+    cmd.arg(&nopath).arg(&nopath);
+    cmd.assert().code(predicate::eq(2)).failure().stderr(
+        predicate::str::contains(format!(
+            ": {}: {error_message}\n",
+            &nopath.as_os_str().to_string_lossy()
+        ))
+        .count(2),
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn no_differences() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let file = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    for option in ["", "-u", "-c", "-e"] {
+        let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+        if !option.is_empty() {
+            cmd.arg(option);
+        }
+        cmd.arg(file.path()).arg(file.path());
+        cmd.assert()
+            .code(predicate::eq(0))
+            .success()
+            .stdout(predicate::str::is_empty());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn no_differences_report_identical_files() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    // same file
+    let mut file1 = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    file1.write_all("foo\n".as_bytes())?;
+    for option in ["", "-u", "-c", "-e"] {
+        let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+        if !option.is_empty() {
+            cmd.arg(option);
+        }
+        cmd.arg("-s").arg(file1.path()).arg(file1.path());
+        cmd.assert()
+            .code(predicate::eq(0))
+            .success()
+            .stdout(predicate::eq(format!(
+                "Files {} and {} are identical\n",
+                file1.path().to_string_lossy(),
+                file1.path().to_string_lossy(),
+            )));
+    }
+    // two files with the same content
+    let mut file2 = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    file2.write_all("foo\n".as_bytes())?;
+    for option in ["", "-u", "-c", "-e"] {
+        let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+        if !option.is_empty() {
+            cmd.arg(option);
+        }
+        cmd.arg("-s").arg(file1.path()).arg(file2.path());
+        cmd.assert()
+            .code(predicate::eq(0))
+            .success()
+            .stdout(predicate::eq(format!(
+                "Files {} and {} are identical\n",
+                file1.path().to_string_lossy(),
+                file2.path().to_string_lossy(),
+            )));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn differences() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let mut file1 = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    file1.write_all("foo\n".as_bytes())?;
+    let mut file2 = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    file2.write_all("bar\n".as_bytes())?;
+    for option in ["", "-u", "-c", "-e"] {
+        let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+        if !option.is_empty() {
+            cmd.arg(option);
+        }
+        cmd.arg(file1.path()).arg(file2.path());
+        cmd.assert()
+            .code(predicate::eq(1))
+            .failure()
+            .stdout(predicate::str::is_empty().not());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn differences_brief() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let mut file1 = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    file1.write_all("foo\n".as_bytes())?;
+    let mut file2 = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    file2.write_all("bar\n".as_bytes())?;
+    for option in ["", "-u", "-c", "-e"] {
+        let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+        if !option.is_empty() {
+            cmd.arg(option);
+        }
+        cmd.arg("-q").arg(file1.path()).arg(file2.path());
+        cmd.assert()
+            .code(predicate::eq(1))
+            .failure()
+            .stdout(predicate::eq(format!(
+                "Files {} and {} differ\n",
+                file1.path().to_string_lossy(),
+                file2.path().to_string_lossy()
+            )));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn missing_newline() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let mut file1 = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    file1.write_all("foo".as_bytes())?;
+    let mut file2 = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    file2.write_all("bar".as_bytes())?;
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+    cmd.arg("-e").arg(file1.path()).arg(file2.path());
+    cmd.assert()
+        .code(predicate::eq(2))
+        .failure()
+        .stderr(predicate::str::starts_with("No newline at end of file"));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn read_from_stdin() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let mut file1 = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    file1.write_all("foo\n".as_bytes())?;
+    let mut file2 = NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    file2.write_all("bar\n".as_bytes())?;
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+    cmd.arg("-u")
+        .arg(file1.path())
+        .arg("-")
+        .write_stdin("bar\n");
+    cmd.assert().code(predicate::eq(1)).failure();
+
+    let output = cmd.output().unwrap().stdout;
+    assert_diff_eq!(
+        output,
+        format!(
+            "--- {}\tTIMESTAMP\n+++ -\tTIMESTAMP\n@@ -1 +1 @@\n-foo\n+bar\n",
+            file1.path().to_string_lossy()
+        )
+    );
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+    cmd.arg("-u")
+        .arg("-")
+        .arg(file2.path())
+        .write_stdin("foo\n");
+    cmd.assert().code(predicate::eq(1)).failure();
+
+    let output = cmd.output().unwrap().stdout;
+    assert_diff_eq!(
+        output,
+        format!(
+            "--- -\tTIMESTAMP\n+++ {}\tTIMESTAMP\n@@ -1 +1 @@\n-foo\n+bar\n",
+            file2.path().to_string_lossy()
+        )
+    );
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+    cmd.arg("-u").arg("-").arg("-");
+    cmd.assert()
+        .code(predicate::eq(0))
+        .success()
+        .stdout(predicate::str::is_empty());
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+        cmd.arg("-u")
+            .arg(file1.path())
+            .arg("/dev/stdin")
+            .write_stdin("bar\n");
+        cmd.assert().code(predicate::eq(1)).failure();
+
+        let output = cmd.output().unwrap().stdout;
+        assert_diff_eq!(
+            output,
+            format!(
+                "--- {}\tTIMESTAMP\n+++ /dev/stdin\tTIMESTAMP\n@@ -1 +1 @@\n-foo\n+bar\n",
+                file1.path().to_string_lossy()
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn compare_file_to_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let tmp_dir = tempdir()?;
+
+    let directory = tmp_dir.path().join("d");
+    let _ = std::fs::create_dir(&directory);
+
+    let a_path = tmp_dir.path().join("a");
+    let mut a = File::create(&a_path).unwrap();
+    a.write_all(b"a\n").unwrap();
+
+    let da_path = directory.join("a");
+    let mut da = File::create(&da_path).unwrap();
+    da.write_all(b"da\n").unwrap();
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+    cmd.arg("-u").arg(&directory).arg(&a_path);
+    cmd.assert().code(predicate::eq(1)).failure();
+
+    let output = cmd.output().unwrap().stdout;
+    assert_diff_eq!(
+        output,
+        format!(
+            "--- {}\tTIMESTAMP\n+++ {}\tTIMESTAMP\n@@ -1 +1 @@\n-da\n+a\n",
+            da_path.display(),
+            a_path.display()
+        )
+    );
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("diffutils")?;
+    cmd.arg("-u").arg(&a_path).arg(&directory);
+    cmd.assert().code(predicate::eq(1)).failure();
+
+    let output = cmd.output().unwrap().stdout;
+    assert_diff_eq!(
+        output,
+        format!(
+            "--- {}\tTIMESTAMP\n+++ {}\tTIMESTAMP\n@@ -1 +1 @@\n-a\n+da\n",
+            a_path.display(),
+            da_path.display()
+        )
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}

tests/print-test-results.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Print the test results written to a JSON file by run-upstream-testsuite.sh
+# in a markdown format. The printout includes the name of the test, the result,
+# the URL to the test script and the contents of stdout and stderr.
+# It can be used verbatim as the description when filing an issue for a test
+# with an unexpected result.
+
+json="test-results.json"
+[[ -n $1 ]] && json="$1"
+
+codeblock () { echo -e "\`\`\`\n$1\n\`\`\`"; }
+
+jq -c '.tests[]' "$json" | while read -r test
+do
+  name=$(echo "$test" | jq -r '.test')
+  echo "# test: $name"
+  result=$(echo "$test" | jq -r '.result')
+  echo "result: $result"
+  url=$(echo "$test" | jq -r '.url')
+  echo "url: $url"
+  if [[ "$result" != "SKIP" ]]
+  then
+    stdout=$(echo "$test" | jq -r '.stdout' | base64 -d)
+    if [[ -n "$stdout" ]]
+    then
+      echo "## stdout"
+      codeblock "$stdout"
+    fi
+    stderr=$(echo "$test" | jq -r '.stderr' | base64 -d)
+    if [[ -n "$stderr" ]]
+    then
+      echo "## stderr"
+      codeblock "$stderr"
+    fi
+  fi
+  echo ""
+done

tests/run-upstream-testsuite.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Run the GNU upstream test suite for diffutils against a local build of the
+# Rust implementation, print out a summary of the test results, and writes a
+# JSON file ('test-results.json') containing detailed information about the
+# test run.
+
+# The JSON file contains metadata about the test run, and for each test the
+# result as well as the contents of stdout, stderr, and of all the files
+# written by the test script, if any (excluding subdirectories).
+
+# The script takes a shortcut to fetch only the test suite from the upstream
+# repository and carefully avoids running the autotools machinery which is
+# time-consuming and resource-intensive, and doesn't offer the option to not
+# build the upstream binaries. As a consequence, the environment in which the
+# tests are run might not match exactly that used when the upstream tests are
+# run through the autotools.
+
+# By default it expects a release build of the diffutils binary, but a
+# different build profile can be specified as an argument
+# (e.g. 'dev' or 'test').
+# Unless overridden by the $TESTS environment variable, all tests in the test
+# suite will be run. Tests targeting a command that is not yet implemented
+# (e.g. cmp, diff3 or sdiff) are skipped.
+
+scriptpath=$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")
+rev=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+# Allow passing a specific profile as parameter (default to "release")
+profile="release"
+[[ -n $1 ]] && profile="$1"
+
+# Verify that the diffutils binary was built for the requested profile
+binary="$scriptpath/../target/$profile/diffutils"
+if [[ ! -x "$binary" ]]
+then
+  echo "Missing build for profile $profile"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# Work in a temporary directory
+tempdir=$(mktemp -d)
+cd "$tempdir"
+
+# Check out the upstream test suite
+gitserver="https://git.savannah.gnu.org"
+testsuite="$gitserver/git/diffutils.git"
+echo "Fetching upstream test suite from $testsuite"
+git clone -n --depth=1 --filter=tree:0 "$testsuite" &> /dev/null
+cd diffutils
+git sparse-checkout set --no-cone tests &> /dev/null
+git checkout &> /dev/null
+upstreamrev=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+# Ensure that calling `diff` invokes the built `diffutils` binary instead of
+# the upstream `diff` binary that is most likely installed on the system
+mkdir src
+cd src
+ln -s "$binary" diff
+cd ../tests
+
+if [[ -n "$TESTS" ]]
+then
+  tests="$TESTS"
+else
+  # Get a list of all upstream tests (default if $TESTS isn't set)
+  echo -e '\n\nprinttests:\n\t@echo "${TESTS}"' >> Makefile.am
+  tests=$(make -f Makefile.am printtests)
+fi
+total=$(echo "$tests" | wc -w)
+echo "Running $total tests"
+export LC_ALL=C
+export KEEP=yes
+exitcode=0
+timestamp=$(date -Iseconds)
+urlroot="$gitserver/cgit/diffutils.git/tree/tests/"
+passed=0
+failed=0
+skipped=0
+normal="$(tput sgr0)"
+for test in $tests
+do
+  result="FAIL"
+  url="$urlroot$test?id=$upstreamrev"
+  # Run only the tests that invoke `diff`,
+  # because other binaries aren't implemented yet
+  if ! grep -E -s -q "(cmp|diff3|sdiff)" "$test"
+  then
+    sh "$test" 1> stdout.txt 2> stderr.txt && result="PASS" || exitcode=1
+    json+="{\"test\":\"$test\",\"result\":\"$result\","
+    json+="\"url\":\"$url\","
+    json+="\"stdout\":\"$(base64 -w0 < stdout.txt)\","
+    json+="\"stderr\":\"$(base64 -w0 < stderr.txt)\","
+    json+="\"files\":{"
+    cd gt-$test.*
+    # Note: this doesn't include the contents of subdirectories,
+    # but there isn't much value added in doing so
+    for file in *
+    do
+      [[ -f "$file" ]] && json+="\"$file\":\"$(base64 -w0 < "$file")\","
+    done
+    json="${json%,}}},"
+    cd - > /dev/null
+    [[ "$result" = "PASS" ]] && (( passed++ ))
+    [[ "$result" = "FAIL" ]] && (( failed++ ))
+  else
+    result="SKIP"
+    (( skipped++ ))
+    json+="{\"test\":\"$test\",\"url\":\"$url\",\"result\":\"$result\"},"
+  fi
+  color=2 # green
+  [[ "$result" = "FAIL" ]] && color=1 # red
+  [[ "$result" = "SKIP" ]] && color=3 # yellow
+  printf "  %-40s $(tput setaf $color)$result$(tput sgr0)\n" "$test"
+done
+echo ""
+echo -n "Summary: TOTAL: $total / "
+echo -n "$(tput setaf 2)PASS$normal: $passed / "
+echo -n "$(tput setaf 1)FAIL$normal: $failed / "
+echo "$(tput setaf 3)SKIP$normal: $skipped"
+echo ""
+
+json="\"tests\":[${json%,}]"
+metadata="\"timestamp\":\"$timestamp\","
+metadata+="\"revision\":\"$rev\","
+metadata+="\"upstream-revision\":\"$upstreamrev\","
+if [[ -n "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" ]]
+then
+  metadata+="\"branch\":\"$GITHUB_REF\","
+fi
+json="{$metadata $json}"
+
+# Clean up
+cd "$scriptpath"
+rm -rf "$tempdir"
+
+resultsfile="test-results.json"
+echo "$json" | jq > "$resultsfile"
+echo "Results written to $scriptpath/$resultsfile"
+
+exit $exitcode