TapeHoard

Physical media archival for people who don't trust the cloud alone.

TapeHoard is not just for tapes. It's a self-hosted backup manager for any offline-capable storage you already own:

• Offline HDDs / USB drives — Any mountable filesystem (ext4, NTFS, APFS, exFAT)
• S3-compatible cloud — Encrypted copies on Wasabi, Backblaze B2, MinIO, or any S3-compat provider
• LTO tape — If you happen to own a tape drive like some of us do

It indexes your source filesystems, tracks what has been archived to which medium, and gives you a searchable catalog—even when the media itself is sitting in a vault across town.

Features

• Index-First Design — All browsing, searching, and discrepancy checks run against the database. The live filesystem is only touched during scans.
• Any Storage You Own — HDDs, USB drives, S3-compatible cloud, or LTO tape. All managed in one inventory. Auto-archival fills media in the order you define.
• LTO Tape Native — Barcode discovery via MAM, hardware compression control, and direct SCSI streaming. No intermediary disk staging required for sequential writes.
• Redundancy-Aware (planned) — Target N copies across active media. TapeHoard will distribute files until every byte has the redundancy you specify.
• Restore Queue — Stage files for recovery from any combination of media. Get a minimum-media manifest so you only mount what you need.
• Discrepancy Detection — Find files that have gone missing, changed without a new backup, or been excluded by policy.
• Encrypted at Rest — Per-media encryption secrets managed through a built-in keystore. Compatible with LTO hardware encryption (stenc) and client-side cloud encryption.

Screenshots

Dashboard	Media Inventory

Live Filesystem	System Settings

Quick Start (Docker Compose)

The recommended deployment is a single container with persistent volumes for the database, staging area, and source/restore mounts.

services:
  tapehoard:
    image: ghcr.io/tapehoard/tapehoard:latest
    container_name: tapehoard
    cap_add:
      - SYS_RAWIO
    devices:
      - /dev/nst0:/dev/nst0
    environment:
      - TZ=UTC
      - DATABASE_URL=sqlite:////database/tapehoard.db
      - STAGING_DIRECTORY=/staging
    ports:
      - '30265:8000'
    volumes:
      - ./database:/database
      - ./staging:/staging
      - /mnt/archive:/source_data:ro
      - /mnt/restores:/restores

Requirements

• Linux host (LTO tape support requires mt, sg_read_attr, and optionally stenc on the host or in the container)
• SYS_RAWIO capability — Required for direct SCSI access to tape drives
• Device passthrough — Map /dev/nst0 (or your tape device) into the container
• Persistent volumes — Database and staging must survive container restarts

Hardware-Specific Notes

HDDs / USB Drives (Recommended for most users):

• Mount the drive filesystem into the container at /source_data or a restore destination
• The HDD provider reads a .tapehoard_id file on the drive root to identify media
• No special capabilities required — works on any Linux, macOS, or Docker host

S3-Compatible Cloud:

• Configure endpoint URL, bucket, region, and access credentials in settings
• Optional client-side filename obfuscation and encryption

LTO Tape (For the dedicated):

• The container must run as root or have access to the SCSI device node
• Requires SYS_RAWIO capability for direct SCSI access
• Set TAPEHOARD_TEST_MODE=true to enable a mock LTO provider for development without hardware

First Run

1. Start the container: docker compose up -d
2. Open http://host:30265
3. Go to Settings → Drives and configure your tape drive path and source roots
4. Trigger an initial scan from the dashboard
5. Register media under Physical Inventory
6. Run your first backup

Development

TapeHoard uses just as its command runner. Install it (brew install just or cargo install just), then run just to see all available commands.

Common Tasks

just dev          # Start backend + frontend with hot reload
just backend      # Start only the backend
just frontend     # Start only the frontend
just test         # Run linting, backend tests, and E2E tests
just lint         # Run Ruff, ty, and Svelte checks
just format       # Auto-format Python code
just generate-client   # Regenerate TypeScript SDK from OpenAPI spec

Database Migrations

just db-upgrade                    # Apply pending migrations
just db-migrate "add user table"   # Autogenerate a new migration

Why TapeHoard?

Most backup tools are built for always-online replication. TapeHoard is built for media you can unplug:

• Air-gappable — Pull the drive or tape, store it offline. Your index stays searchable even when the media is in a vault.
• Auditability — Every file's SHA-256, every version's offset on every medium, tracked in SQLite.
• No vendor lock-in — Standard tar archives on tape, standard files on disk, standard S3 objects in cloud. If TapeHoard disappears, your data doesn't.